{"id":1793604,"date":"2022-02-01T23:21:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-02T04:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/?p=1793604"},"modified":"2023-03-16T05:53:18","modified_gmt":"2023-03-16T10:53:18","slug":"differential-diagnosis-of-hypocalcemia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/differential-diagnosis-of-hypocalcemia\/","title":{"rendered":"Differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia is broad. The most common cause of hypocalcemia is inadvertent<b> postsurgical hypoparathyroidism<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h2>Autosomal Dominant hypocalcemia<\/h2>\n<p>An activating mutation of <strong>CASR gene<\/strong> results in a shift in the set point of CASR. As a consequence, PTH is not released at calcium concentration that normally triggers PTH release.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Increased urinary <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/fractional-excretion-of-calcium-calculator\/\">calcium excretion<\/a><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Asymptomatic genetic condition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Pseudohypoparathyroidism<\/h2>\n<p>Mutations in the GNAS gene leads to end organ resistance to the effects of parathyroid hormones<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Low calcium, high phosphate and elevated PTH levels<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1<\/h2>\n<p>This condition is also known as <strong>Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy<\/strong> (APECED) syndrome<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mutations in the <strong>AIRE gene<\/strong> (typically expressed in <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/anatomy-of-the-parathyroid-gland\/\">parathyroid glands<\/a>, pancreas, and adrenal cortex)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Wilson disease<\/h2>\n<p>Mutations in the <strong>ATP7B<\/strong> gene (encodes hepatic copper transporter). As a consequence, there is a defect in cellular copper transport. This leads to the accumulation of copper in various tissues (including the parathyroid glands)<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>Pepe J, Colangelo L, Biamonte F, Sonato C, Danese VC, Cecchetti V, Occhiuto M, Piazzolla V, De Martino V, Ferrone F, Minisola S, Cipriani C. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-020-02324-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Diagnosis and management of hypocalcemia. Endocrine. 2020 Sep;69(3):485-495.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia is broad. The most common cause of hypocalcemia is inadvertent postsurgical hypoparathyroidism. Autosomal Dominant hypocalcemia An activating mutation of CASR gene results in a shift in the set point of CASR. As a consequence, PTH is not released at calcium concentration that normally triggers PTH release. Increased urinary calcium excretion [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1793604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-endocrinology-short-notes","post-wrapper","thrv_wrapper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1793604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1793604"}],"version-history":[{"count":42,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1793604\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4415928,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1793604\/revisions\/4415928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1793604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1793604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1793604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}