{"id":3654578,"date":"2022-02-18T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-18T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/?p=3654578"},"modified":"2023-03-16T05:47:19","modified_gmt":"2023-03-16T10:47:19","slug":"mnemonic-for-hypercalcemia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/mnemonic-for-hypercalcemia\/","title":{"rendered":"Mnemonic for Hypercalcemia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Serum <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/calcium-regulation\/\">calcium is tightly regulated <\/a>by various factors which act in a coordinated manner to keep calcium levels in the normal range. A simple mnemonic for recalling both the causes and treatment of hypercalcemia is &#8220;BLACK-RHINOS&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALLE-Rhinoceros.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALLE-Rhinoceros.jpg 724w, https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALLE-Rhinoceros-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALLE-Rhinoceros-624x505.jpg 624w\" alt=\"Hypercalcemia Memory Aid. The Black Rhino (Created by OpenAI DALLE2)\" width=\"640\" height=\"518\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Hypercalcemia Memory Aid. The Black Rhino (Created by OpenAI DALLE2)<\/p>\n<h2>The causes of hypercalcemia (RHINOS)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R<\/strong> Renal insufficiency (secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism)<\/li>\n<li><strong>H<\/strong> Hyperparathyroidism (primary hyperparathyroidism either sporadic or part of <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/the-difference-between-men1-and-men2\/\">MEN syndrome<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>I<\/strong> Immobilisation and iatrogenic (overdosage of calcium, vitamin D, thiazide diuretic exposure)<\/li>\n<li><strong>N<\/strong> Neoplasms (bone metastasis, primary bone cancer and paraneoplastic syndromes. Due to the production of cytokines and PTHrp etc)<\/li>\n<li><strong>O <\/strong>Other endocrinopathies (thyrotoxicosis and Addison\u2019s disease)<\/li>\n<li><strong>S<\/strong> Sarcoidosis and other <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/hypercalcemia-related-to-granulomatous-disease\/\">granulomatous conditions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The treatment of hypercalcemia (BLACK)<\/h2>\n<p>An excellent way of remembering the treatment options for hypercalcemia\u00a0 requires the recollection of the mnemonic <strong>\u201cBLACK RHINO\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B<\/strong> : Bisphosphonates<\/li>\n<li><strong>L<\/strong> : Liquids (referring to normal saline)<\/li>\n<li><strong>A<\/strong> : Aquaretics (medications that induce fluid loss e.g. Furosemide)<\/li>\n<li><strong>C <\/strong>: Calcitonin<\/li>\n<li><strong>K<\/strong> : OsteoKlast inhibitors (Denosumab)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A collection of other highly effective hormone (endocrinology) mnemonics to help you remember essential clinical pearls can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/mnemonics-of-the-endocrine-system\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Serum calcium is tightly regulated by various factors which act in a coordinated manner to keep calcium levels in the normal range. A simple mnemonic for recalling both the causes and treatment of hypercalcemia is &#8220;BLACK-RHINOS&#8221; Hypercalcemia Memory Aid. The Black Rhino (Created by OpenAI DALLE2) The causes of hypercalcemia (RHINOS) R Renal insufficiency (secondary [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3654578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-endocrine-disease-parathyroid-calcium-and-bone-metabolism","post-wrapper","thrv_wrapper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3654578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3654578"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3654578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4415888,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3654578\/revisions\/4415888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3654578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3654578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3654578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}