{"id":963986,"date":"2022-02-15T21:49:11","date_gmt":"2022-02-16T02:49:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/?p=963986"},"modified":"2024-12-25T09:06:07","modified_gmt":"2024-12-25T15:06:07","slug":"anion-gap-formula","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/anion-gap-formula\/","title":{"rendered":"Anion Gap Formula and Calculator"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- START OF ANION GAP CALCULATOR -->\n<style>\n\/* Basic Styling for the Anion Gap Calculator *\/\n.anion-gap-calculator-container {\n  max-width: 400px;\n  margin: 20px auto;\n  padding: 20px;\n  border: 2px solid #ccc;\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n  background-color: #f9f9f9;\n}\n\n.anion-gap-calculator-container h2 {\n  text-align: center;\n  margin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n.anion-gap-calculator-container label {\n  display: block;\n  margin-top: 10px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n.anion-gap-calculator-container input[type=\"number\"] {\n  width: 100%;\n  padding: 8px;\n  margin-top: 5px;\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n  border: 1px solid #ccc;\n  border-radius: 5px;\n}\n\n.anion-gap-calculator-container button {\n  margin-top: 15px;\n  padding: 10px 15px;\n  border: none;\n  border-radius: 5px;\n  color: #fff;\n  cursor: pointer;\n}\n\n.calculate-btn {\n  background-color: #0073aa; \/* WordPress blue *\/\n  margin-right: 10px;\n}\n\n.reset-btn {\n  background-color: #aaa;\n}\n\n.result-container {\n  margin-top: 20px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  text-align: center;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"anion-gap-calculator-container\">\n  <h2>Anion Gap Calculator<\/h2>\n  <form id=\"anion-gap-form\" onsubmit=\"event.preventDefault(); calculateAnionGap();\">\n    <label for=\"sodiumInput\">Sodium (Na) [mEq\/L] (Normal Range: 136 &#8211; 145)<\/label>\n    <input type=\"number\" id=\"sodiumInput\" required step=\"any\" min=\"0\" placeholder=\"e.g. 140\">\n\n    <label for=\"chlorideInput\">Chloride (Cl) [mEq\/L] (Normal Range: 98 &#8211; 106)<\/label>\n    <input type=\"number\" id=\"chlorideInput\" required step=\"any\" min=\"0\" placeholder=\"e.g. 100\">\n\n    <label for=\"bicarbonateInput\">Bicarbonate (HCO\u2083) [mEq\/L] (Normal Range: 23 &#8211; 28)<\/label>\n    <input type=\"number\" id=\"bicarbonateInput\" required step=\"any\" min=\"0\" placeholder=\"e.g. 24\">\n\n    <label for=\"albuminInput\">Albumin [g\/dL] (Normal Range: 3.5 &#8211; 5.5)<\/label>\n    <input type=\"number\" id=\"albuminInput\" required step=\"any\" min=\"0\" placeholder=\"e.g. 4\">\n\n    <button type=\"submit\" class=\"calculate-btn\">Calculate Anion Gap<\/button>\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"reset-btn\" onclick=\"resetFields()\">Reset<\/button>\n  <\/form>\n\n  <div class=\"result-container\" id=\"resultDisplay\">\n    <!-- The results will be displayed here -->\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n\/**\n * Calculate Anion Gap\n * \n * Basic formula:        Anion Gap = Na - (Cl + HCO3)\n * Albumin correction:   Corrected AG = Anion Gap + 2.5 * (4 - Albumin)\n * \n * This script will display BOTH the estimated (unadjusted) Anion Gap \n * and the albumin-corrected Anion Gap, regardless of the albumin level.\n *\/\n\nfunction calculateAnionGap() {\n  \/\/ Get form field values\n  const sodiumValue = parseFloat(document.getElementById('sodiumInput').value);\n  const chlorideValue = parseFloat(document.getElementById('chlorideInput').value);\n  const bicarbonateValue = parseFloat(document.getElementById('bicarbonateInput').value);\n  const albuminValue = parseFloat(document.getElementById('albuminInput').value);\n\n  \/\/ Calculate the basic Anion Gap\n  const anionGap = sodiumValue - (chlorideValue + bicarbonateValue);\n\n  \/\/ Calculate the corrected Anion Gap for albumin\n  const correctedAG = anionGap + 2.5 * (4 - albuminValue);\n\n  \/\/ Prepare the message\n  let resultMessage = `\n    Estimated Anion Gap (unadjusted): ${anionGap.toFixed(2)} mEq\/L\n    <br>\n    Albumin-corrected Anion Gap: ${correctedAG.toFixed(2)} mEq\/L\n  `;\n\n  \/\/ Display the result\n  const resultDisplay = document.getElementById('resultDisplay');\n  resultDisplay.innerHTML = resultMessage;\n}\n\nfunction resetFields() {\n  \/\/ Clear all inputs\n  document.getElementById('sodiumInput').value = '';\n  document.getElementById('chlorideInput').value = '';\n  document.getElementById('bicarbonateInput').value = '';\n  document.getElementById('albuminInput').value = '';\n  \n  \/\/ Clear the result display\n  document.getElementById('resultDisplay').innerHTML = '';\n}\n<\/script>\n<!-- END OF ANION GAP CALCULATOR -->\n\n\n\n<h2>Interpretation of the results of anion gap (albumin or non-albumin corrected)<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-30\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-30\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Anion Gap<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Causes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">High Anion Gap due to excess acid (AG >16)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Lactic acidosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Ketoacidosis - starvation ketosis, alcohol or diabetic ketoacidosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Uremia <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Methanol or Ethanol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rhabdomyolysis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Salicylate toxicity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Isoniazid\/Paraldehyde\/Iron toxicity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Normal Anion Gap due to renal or extra-renal (gastrointestinal) losses of bicarbonate (AG 8-16)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">GI losses (enterocutaneous fistula, diarrhea, colostomy, ileostomy)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Isotonic saline infusion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Renal tubular acidosis (type I or IV)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Uteropelvic shunt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Cholestyramine\/Acetazolamide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Addison's disease<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Low anion gap (<8)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Albumin (decreased unmeasured anions)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Calcium, magnesium, lithium (increased unmeasured cations)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-19\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Laboratory error <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-30 from cache -->\n<h2>Interpretation of the results of delta ratio\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-31\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-31\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Delta ratio<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Interpretation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">0 to 0.4<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Hyperchloremic normal\/non-anion gap acidosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">0.4 to 1.0<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">High anion gap acidosis and normal anion gap acidosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">1 to 2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">High anion gap acidosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">>2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">High anion gap acidosis with  co-existing metabolic alkalosis or fully compensated respiratory acidosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-31 from cache -->\n<h2>Interpretation of the results of delta gap (albumin or non-albumin corrected)<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-32\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-32\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Delta Gap<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Interpretation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><18 <\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Concomitant non-anion gap metabolic acidosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">18-30<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">No additional metabolic perturbations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">>30<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Concomitant metabolic alkalosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-32 from cache -->\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>Oh MS, Carroll HJ. The anion gap. N Engl J Med. 1977 Oct 13;297(15):814-7.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm197710132971507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> doi: 10.1056\/NEJM197710132971507. PMID: 895822.<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anion Gap Calculator Sodium (Na) [mEq\/L] (Normal Range: 136 &#8211; 145) Chloride (Cl) [mEq\/L] (Normal Range: 98 &#8211; 106) Bicarbonate (HCO\u2083) [mEq\/L] (Normal Range: 23 &#8211; 28) Albumin [g\/dL] (Normal Range: 3.5 &#8211; 5.5) Calculate Anion Gap Reset Interpretation of the results of anion gap (albumin or non-albumin corrected) Interpretation of the results of delta [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-963986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-endocalculator","post-wrapper","thrv_wrapper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/963986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=963986"}],"version-history":[{"count":64,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/963986\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4421831,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/963986\/revisions\/4421831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=963986"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=963986"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=963986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}