Calcium Albumin Correction Calculator<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n background: #f9f9f9;\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n }\n\n .calcium-calc-wrapper {\n max-width: 500px;\n margin: 40px auto;\n padding: 20px;\n background: #fff;\n border: 1px solid #ddd;\n border-radius: 6px;\n }\n\n h1 {\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n font-size: 1.25rem;\n color: #2c3e50;\n }\n\n .form-group {\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n }\n .form-group label {\n display: block;\n margin-bottom: 6px;\n font-weight: bold;\n color: #34495e;\n }\n\n .form-group input[type=\"number\"] {\n width: 100%;\n padding: 8px 10px;\n border: 1px solid #ccc;\n border-radius: 4px;\n font-size: 1rem;\n }\n\n .units-group {\n display: flex;\n gap: 10px;\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n }\n .units-group select {\n flex: 1;\n padding: 8px 10px;\n border: 1px solid #ccc;\n border-radius: 4px;\n font-size: 1rem;\n background: #fff;\n }\n\n .buttons {\n display: flex;\n gap: 10px;\n margin-top: 20px;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n }\n button {\n padding: 10px 16px;\n border: none;\n border-radius: 4px;\n font-size: 1rem;\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: background-color 0.3s;\n }\n .btn-submit {\n background: #27ae60;\n color: #fff;\n }\n .btn-submit:hover {\n background: #229954;\n }\n .btn-reset {\n background: #e74c3c;\n color: #fff;\n }\n .btn-reset:hover {\n background: #c0392b;\n }\n\n .error-message {\n margin-top: 15px;\n padding: 10px;\n background: #fdd;\n color: #a00;\n border: 1px solid #fbb;\n border-radius: 4px;\n display: none; \/* hidden by default *\/\n }\n\n .result {\n margin-top: 20px;\n padding: 15px;\n background: #ecf0f1;\n border-radius: 4px;\n }\n .result p {\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n font-size: 1rem;\n }\n .result span {\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n\n \/* Responsive *\/\n @media (max-width: 480px) {\n .units-group {\n flex-direction: column;\n }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body data-rsssl=1>\n\n<div class=\"calcium-calc-wrapper\">\n <h1>Calcium Albumin Correction<\/h1>\n <p style=\"margin-bottom:20px;font-size:0.9rem;color:#7f8c8d;\">\n Corrects serum calcium based on albumin levels. Select consistent units (mg\/dL & g\/dL) or (mmol\/L & g\/L).\n <\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label for=\"calciumValue\">Serum Calcium:<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"calciumValue\" step=\"any\" placeholder=\"Enter serum calcium\" \/>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label for=\"albuminValue\">Albumin:<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"albuminValue\" step=\"any\" placeholder=\"Enter albumin\" \/>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"units-group\">\n <div>\n <label for=\"calciumUnits\">Calcium Units<\/label>\n <select id=\"calciumUnits\">\n <option value=\"mg\">mg\/dL<\/option>\n <option value=\"mmol\">mmol\/L<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label for=\"albuminUnits\">Albumin Units<\/label>\n <select id=\"albuminUnits\">\n <option value=\"gdL\">g\/dL<\/option>\n <option value=\"gL\">g\/L<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"buttons\">\n <button class=\"btn-submit\" onclick=\"calculateCorrectedCalcium()\">Submit<\/button>\n <button class=\"btn-reset\" onclick=\"resetCalculator()\">Reset<\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"error-message\" id=\"errorMsg\"><\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"result\" id=\"resultSection\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>Corrected Calcium: <span id=\"correctedValue\">—<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n \/*\n This script calculates corrected calcium based on albumin.\n Units must be consistent:\n - mg\/dL for Calcium and g\/dL for Albumin, OR\n - mmol\/L for Calcium and g\/L for Albumin\n\n Formulas:\n 1) mg\/dL & g\/dL:\n Corrected Ca (mg\/dL) = Serum Ca (mg\/dL) + 0.8 * (4.0 - Albumin(g\/dL))\n\n 2) mmol\/L & g\/L:\n Corrected Ca (mmol\/L) = Serum Ca (mmol\/L) + 0.02 * (40 - Albumin(g\/L))\n (since 4 g\/dL ~ 40 g\/L, and 0.8 mg\/dL ~ 0.02 mmol\/L in approximate SI conversion)\n *\/\n\n function calculateCorrectedCalcium() {\n \/\/ Get input values\n const calciumValue = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"calciumValue\").value);\n const albuminValue = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"albuminValue\").value);\n const calciumUnits = document.getElementById(\"calciumUnits\").value;\n const albuminUnits = document.getElementById(\"albuminUnits\").value;\n\n \/\/ References to DOM elements\n const errorDiv = document.getElementById(\"errorMsg\");\n const resultSection = document.getElementById(\"resultSection\");\n const correctedSpan = document.getElementById(\"correctedValue\");\n\n \/\/ Reset error and results before new calculation\n errorDiv.style.display = \"none\";\n errorDiv.textContent = \"\";\n resultSection.style.display = \"none\";\n correctedSpan.textContent = \"--\";\n\n \/\/ Basic validation\n if (isNaN(calciumValue) || isNaN(albuminValue) ||\n calciumValue <= 0 || albuminValue <= 0) {\n errorDiv.style.display = \"block\";\n errorDiv.textContent = \"Please enter valid positive numbers for calcium and albumin.\";\n return;\n }\n\n \/\/ Check for consistent units\n \/\/ - If calcium is mg\/dL => albumin must be g\/dL\n \/\/ - If calcium is mmol\/L => albumin must be g\/L\n if ((calciumUnits === \"mg\" && albuminUnits !== \"gdL\") ||\n (calciumUnits === \"mmol\" && albuminUnits !== \"gL\")) {\n errorDiv.style.display = \"block\";\n errorDiv.textContent = \"You must choose consistent units (mg\/dL & g\/dL) or (mmol\/L & g\/L).\";\n return;\n }\n\n let correctedCalcium = 0.0;\n \/\/ Calculate based on the chosen units\n if (calciumUnits === \"mg\" && albuminUnits === \"gdL\") {\n \/\/ mg\/dL formula\n \/\/ Corrected Ca = Ca + 0.8 * (4.0 - Albumin)\n correctedCalcium = calciumValue + 0.8 * (4.0 - albuminValue);\n correctedSpan.textContent = correctedCalcium.toFixed(2) + \" mg\/dL\";\n } else if (calciumUnits === \"mmol\" && albuminUnits === \"gL\") {\n \/\/ mmol\/L formula\n \/\/ Corrected Ca = Ca + 0.02 * (40 - Albumin)\n correctedCalcium = calciumValue + 0.02 * (40 - albuminValue);\n correctedSpan.textContent = correctedCalcium.toFixed(2) + \" mmol\/L\";\n }\n\n \/\/ Display result\n resultSection.style.display = \"block\";\n }\n\n function resetCalculator() {\n document.getElementById(\"calciumValue\").value = \"\";\n document.getElementById(\"albuminValue\").value = \"\";\n document.getElementById(\"calciumUnits\").value = \"mg\";\n document.getElementById(\"albuminUnits\").value = \"gdL\";\n document.getElementById(\"errorMsg\").style.display = \"none\";\n document.getElementById(\"errorMsg\").textContent = \"\";\n document.getElementById(\"resultSection\").style.display = \"none\";\n document.getElementById(\"correctedValue\").textContent = \"--\";\n }\n<\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n<p>A calculator for estimating serum calcium in patients with hypoalbuminemia. An albumin-adjusted serum calcium is required in patients with abnormally high or low albumin levels.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Corrected calcium equation \u2013 calculator<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">In <b>mg\/dl<\/b>: Corrected Calcium [mg\/dL]: 0.8 x (4g\/dL \u2013 Patient’s Albumin in g\/dL) + Serum Calcium (mg\/dL).<\/p>\n<p>In<b> mmol\/L<\/b>: Corrected calcium = 0.02 x (40g\/L \u2013 Patient’s Albumin in g\/L) + Serum Calcium (mmol\/L)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The corrected calcium formula may not be effective for people who have chronic or advanced liver disease.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Normal Calcium Levels<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myendoconsult.com\/learn\/calcium-regulation\/\">Calcium <\/a>is the most abundant mineral in the human body, with about 99% of it being found in bone<sup>1<\/sup>. It is essential in several biochemical processes, including hormone secretion, bone mineralization, maintenance of cell integrity, coagulation of blood, neuromuscular contraction, and signal transduction<sup>2,3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Several hormones with regulatory effects on the <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/anatomy-of-the-parathyroid-gland\/\">parathyroid glands<\/a>, intestine, bone, and kidneys ensure the maintenance of serum calcium within a narrow physiologic range4,5<\/p>\n<h2>Calcium and Albumin Relationship<\/h2>\n<p>Approximately 1% of total body calcium is outside the skeletal system. The amount of calcium present in soft tissues and the extracellular fluid compartment is accounted for by this relatively insignificant proportion of total body calcium<sup>6<\/sup>. The extracellular fluid compartment is composed of unbound (free) calcium and bound (complexed to albumin and organic molecules) calcium in almost equal proportions. <span style=\"color: initial;\">50% of extracellular calcium is <\/span><b style=\"color: initial;\">“ionized” <\/b><span style=\"color: initial;\">and biologically active, 40% remains<\/span><b style=\"color: initial;\"> albumin-bound<\/b><span style=\"color: initial;\">, and 10% is bound to circulating<\/span><b style=\"color: initial;\"> anions<\/b><sup style=\"color: initial;\">8<\/sup><span style=\"color: initial;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Interestingly the common term for<b> free calcium<\/b>, i.e., ionized calcium is a misnomer since all calcium in the human bound is ionized. Indeed, “ionized calcium” in plasma or serum exists in a hydrated state and not as free circulating divalent cations<sup>6,9<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Changes in pH impact the availability of albumin binding sites, which invariably determines the fraction of unbound calcium<sup>8,10<\/sup>. Metabolic perturbations in acid-base balance correlate with the levels of ionized calcium.<\/p>\n<p><b>Metabolic alkalosis <\/b>causes an increase in circulating bicarbonate which binds ionized calcium. In addition, binding of circulating albumin with calcium increases in the setting of alkalosis. Both reasons account for the low level of ionized or free calcium in the setting of alkalosis<sup>10<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>The converse occurs in the setting of <b>metabolic acidosis<\/b>. There is a relatively lower level of circulating bicarbonate; this increases the fraction of ionized or free calcium since less calcium is bound by bicarbonate. Decreased binding of ionized calcium to albumin occurs during metabolic acidosis as well; this is another reason for hypercalcemia in the setting of acidemia<sup>10,11<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>Calcium correction explained<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The body’s total calcium level depends upon serum albumin – the <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/hormones-that-bind-to-plasma-proteins\/\">binding protein<\/a> for calcium. Corrected serum calcium values take into account the level of albumin in the blood.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">This is important because albumin levels can fluctuate and cause calcium levels to be inaccurate. Uncorrected serum calcium values do not take albumin into account, which means they may not be as accurate as corrected calcium.<\/p>\n<h2>Limitations of corrected total calcium<\/h2>\n<p>Ionized calcium is the gold standard for estimating the optimal level of serum calcium. The corrected total calcium equation, a relic of the past, was unfortunately developed at a time when the biochemical estimation of ionized calcium was instead not available for commercial use. Various factors, however, limit the classic corrected total calcium for serum albumin equation.<\/p>\n<p>A significant limitation of corrected total calcium as a means of inferring what ionized calcium should be is that it does not account for variations in hydrogen ions (pH), magnesium, chloride (and other complexing anions), and free fatty acids. It is worth noting that these factors are known to alter the level of ionized calcium.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A critical assumption of the <strong>traditional corrected calcium<\/strong> (for albumin) equation is that ionized calcium is relatively stable even at varying albumin levels. However, this assumption is incorrect since ionized calcium and albumin co-vary in normal physiology and critically ill patients [12].<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>Predictive Models in Special Populations<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-149\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-149 tbody-has-connected-cells\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><strong>Model<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Constituent analytes<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><strong>Population<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-4\"><strong>Web calculator<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-1\">Obi et al [13]<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Total calcium<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-3\">Hemodialysis<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-4\">Not Available<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Albumin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Phosphate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-1\">Ramirez-Sandoval et al [14]<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Total calcium<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-3\">Inpatient setting<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-4\">Yes (True Calcium App on\u00a0<span style=\"color:#008FFF;\">google play<\/span>\u00a0or the\u00a0<span style=\"color:#008FFF;\">App Store<\/span>\u00a0for Apple devices)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Albumin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Total carbon dioxide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Phosphorous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-1\">Sakaguchi et al [15]<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Total calcium<\/td><td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-3\">CKD<\/td><td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-4\">Not available<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Albumin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Sodium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Chloride<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Total carbon dioxide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-1\">Yap et al [16]<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Total calcium<\/td><td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-3\">Critical Care<\/td><td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/qxmd.com\/calculate\/calculator_704\/predicting-ionized-hypocalcemia-in-critical-care\">Yes<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Albumin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Sodium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Chloride<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Total carbon dioxide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h2><span style=\"color: var(--tcb-skin-color-10); font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight, bold); text-transform: capitalize;\">Acknowledgment<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>We thank <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doximity.com\/pub\/philip-goldwasser-md\">Dr. Philip Goldwasser<\/a> for his timely suggestions in improving this post. The sections on limitations of corrected calcium and predictive models in special populations were based on his review article, which can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/jlpm.amegroups.com\/article\/view\/6875\/pdf\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Valle HBD. <a style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); word-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-word-spacing );\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK56060\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Overview of Calcium. National Academies Press (US); 2011. Accessed October 19, 2018.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pu F, Chen N, Xue S. Calcium intake, calcium homeostasis and health. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fshw.2016.01.001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Food Sci Hum Wellness. 2016;5(1):8-16.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bagur R, Hajn\u00f3czky G. Intracellular Ca2+ sensing: role in calcium homeostasis and signaling. <a href=\"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Mol Cell<\/em>. 2017;66(6):780-788.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Greco DS. Endocrine Causes of Calcium Disorders. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1053\/j.tcam.2012.11.001\"><em>Top Companion Anim Med Phila<\/em>. 2012;27(4):150-155.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Allgrove J. Physiology of Calcium, Phosphate, Magnesium and Vitamin D. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000380990\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Calcium Bone Disord Child Adolesc<\/em>. 2015;28:7-32.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Baird GS. Ionized calcium. <em>Clin Chim Acta Int J Clin Chem<\/em>. 2011;412(9-10):696-701. doi:10.1016\/j.cca.2011.01.004<\/li>\n<li>Calvi LM, Bushinsky DA. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2007121327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">When Is It Appropriate to Order an Ionized Calcium? <em>J Am Soc Nephrol<\/em>. 2008;19(7):1257-1260.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bushinsky DA, Monk RD. Calcium. <em>The Lancet<\/em>. 1998;352(9124):306-311.<\/li>\n<li>Burtis CA, Bruns DE. <em>Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics – E-Book<\/em>. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.<\/li>\n<li>Oberleithner H, Greger R, Lang F. The effect of respiratory and metabolic acid-base changes on ionized calcium concentration: in vivo and in vitro experiments in man and rat. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1982.tb02223.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Eur J Clin Invest<\/em>. 1982;12(6):451-455.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rastegar M, Levine BS, Felsenfeld AJ. Metabolic acidosis-induced hypercalcemia in an azotemic <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/primary-hyperparathyroidism-a-comprehensive-guide-for-patients\/\">patient with primary hyperparathyroidism<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfu041\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Clin Kidney J<\/em>. 2014;7(3):299-302.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Yap, E. & Goldwasser, P. Can ionized calcium-estimating equations replace albumin-corrected calcium?\u2014a narrative review. <a href=\"https:\/\/jlpm.amegroups.com\/article\/view\/6875\">J. Lab. Precis. Med. Vol 7 April 2022 J. Lab. Precis. Med. (2022).<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Obi Y, Nguyen DV, Streja E, Rivara MB, Rhee CM, Lau WL, Chen Y, Kovesdy CP, Mehrotra R, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Development and Validation of a Novel Laboratory-Specific Correction Equation for Total Serum Calcium and Its Association With Mortality Among Hemodialysis Patients. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.3013\">J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Mar;32(3):549-559.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ramirez-Sandoval JC, Gutierrez Valle F, Ley S, et al. Development of a novel predictive equation for ionized calcium in hospitalized subjects: Albumin-corrected calcium is extremely inaccurate [Abstract]. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019;30:21<\/li>\n<li>Sakaguchi Y, Hamano T, Kubota K, Oka T, Yamaguchi S, Matsumoto A, Hashimoto N, Mori D, Obi Y, Matsui I, Isaka Y. <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/anion-gap-formula\/\">Anion Gap<\/a> as a Determinant of Ionized Fraction of Divalent Cations in Hemodialysis Patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Feb 7;13(2):274-281.<\/li>\n<li>Yap E, Roche-Recinos A, Goldwasser P. Predicting Ionized Hypocalcemia in Critical Care: An Improved Method Based on the Anion Gap. J Appl Lab Med 2020;5:4-14<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calcium Albumin Correction Calculator Calcium Albumin Correction Corrects serum calcium based on albumin levels. Select consistent units (mg\/dL & g\/dL) or (mmol\/L & g\/L). Serum Calcium: Albumin: Calcium Units mg\/dLmmol\/L Albumin Units g\/dLg\/L Submit Reset Corrected Calcium: — A calculator for estimating serum calcium in patients with hypoalbuminemia. An albumin-adjusted serum calcium is required in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-979851","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-endocalculator","post-wrapper","thrv_wrapper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979851","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=979851"}],"version-history":[{"count":129,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979851\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4422240,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979851\/revisions\/4422240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=979851"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=979851"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=979851"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":979851,"date":"2022-02-17T21:58:34","date_gmt":"2022-02-18T02:58:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/?p=979851"},"modified":"2025-01-08T17:41:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T23:41:19","slug":"calcium-correction-for-albumin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/calcium-correction-for-albumin\/","title":{"rendered":"Calcium Correction for Albumin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n \n Calcium Albumin Correction Calculator<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n background: #f9f9f9;\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n }\n\n .calcium-calc-wrapper {\n max-width: 500px;\n margin: 40px auto;\n padding: 20px;\n background: #fff;\n border: 1px solid #ddd;\n border-radius: 6px;\n }\n\n h1 {\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n font-size: 1.25rem;\n color: #2c3e50;\n }\n\n .form-group {\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n }\n .form-group label {\n display: block;\n margin-bottom: 6px;\n font-weight: bold;\n color: #34495e;\n }\n\n .form-group input[type=\"number\"] {\n width: 100%;\n padding: 8px 10px;\n border: 1px solid #ccc;\n border-radius: 4px;\n font-size: 1rem;\n }\n\n .units-group {\n display: flex;\n gap: 10px;\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n }\n .units-group select {\n flex: 1;\n padding: 8px 10px;\n border: 1px solid #ccc;\n border-radius: 4px;\n font-size: 1rem;\n background: #fff;\n }\n\n .buttons {\n display: flex;\n gap: 10px;\n margin-top: 20px;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n }\n button {\n padding: 10px 16px;\n border: none;\n border-radius: 4px;\n font-size: 1rem;\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: background-color 0.3s;\n }\n .btn-submit {\n background: #27ae60;\n color: #fff;\n }\n .btn-submit:hover {\n background: #229954;\n }\n .btn-reset {\n background: #e74c3c;\n color: #fff;\n }\n .btn-reset:hover {\n background: #c0392b;\n }\n\n .error-message {\n margin-top: 15px;\n padding: 10px;\n background: #fdd;\n color: #a00;\n border: 1px solid #fbb;\n border-radius: 4px;\n display: none; \/* hidden by default *\/\n }\n\n .result {\n margin-top: 20px;\n padding: 15px;\n background: #ecf0f1;\n border-radius: 4px;\n }\n .result p {\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n font-size: 1rem;\n }\n .result span {\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n\n \/* Responsive *\/\n @media (max-width: 480px) {\n .units-group {\n flex-direction: column;\n }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body data-rsssl=1>\n\n<div class=\"calcium-calc-wrapper\">\n <h1>Calcium Albumin Correction<\/h1>\n <p style=\"margin-bottom:20px;font-size:0.9rem;color:#7f8c8d;\">\n Corrects serum calcium based on albumin levels. Select consistent units (mg\/dL & g\/dL) or (mmol\/L & g\/L).\n <\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label for=\"calciumValue\">Serum Calcium:<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"calciumValue\" step=\"any\" placeholder=\"Enter serum calcium\" \/>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label for=\"albuminValue\">Albumin:<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"albuminValue\" step=\"any\" placeholder=\"Enter albumin\" \/>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"units-group\">\n <div>\n <label for=\"calciumUnits\">Calcium Units<\/label>\n <select id=\"calciumUnits\">\n <option value=\"mg\">mg\/dL<\/option>\n <option value=\"mmol\">mmol\/L<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <label for=\"albuminUnits\">Albumin Units<\/label>\n <select id=\"albuminUnits\">\n <option value=\"gdL\">g\/dL<\/option>\n <option value=\"gL\">g\/L<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"buttons\">\n <button class=\"btn-submit\" onclick=\"calculateCorrectedCalcium()\">Submit<\/button>\n <button class=\"btn-reset\" onclick=\"resetCalculator()\">Reset<\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"error-message\" id=\"errorMsg\"><\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"result\" id=\"resultSection\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>Corrected Calcium: <span id=\"correctedValue\">—<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n \/*\n This script calculates corrected calcium based on albumin.\n Units must be consistent:\n - mg\/dL for Calcium and g\/dL for Albumin, OR\n - mmol\/L for Calcium and g\/L for Albumin\n\n Formulas:\n 1) mg\/dL & g\/dL:\n Corrected Ca (mg\/dL) = Serum Ca (mg\/dL) + 0.8 * (4.0 - Albumin(g\/dL))\n\n 2) mmol\/L & g\/L:\n Corrected Ca (mmol\/L) = Serum Ca (mmol\/L) + 0.02 * (40 - Albumin(g\/L))\n (since 4 g\/dL ~ 40 g\/L, and 0.8 mg\/dL ~ 0.02 mmol\/L in approximate SI conversion)\n *\/\n\n function calculateCorrectedCalcium() {\n \/\/ Get input values\n const calciumValue = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"calciumValue\").value);\n const albuminValue = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"albuminValue\").value);\n const calciumUnits = document.getElementById(\"calciumUnits\").value;\n const albuminUnits = document.getElementById(\"albuminUnits\").value;\n\n \/\/ References to DOM elements\n const errorDiv = document.getElementById(\"errorMsg\");\n const resultSection = document.getElementById(\"resultSection\");\n const correctedSpan = document.getElementById(\"correctedValue\");\n\n \/\/ Reset error and results before new calculation\n errorDiv.style.display = \"none\";\n errorDiv.textContent = \"\";\n resultSection.style.display = \"none\";\n correctedSpan.textContent = \"--\";\n\n \/\/ Basic validation\n if (isNaN(calciumValue) || isNaN(albuminValue) ||\n calciumValue <= 0 || albuminValue <= 0) {\n errorDiv.style.display = \"block\";\n errorDiv.textContent = \"Please enter valid positive numbers for calcium and albumin.\";\n return;\n }\n\n \/\/ Check for consistent units\n \/\/ - If calcium is mg\/dL => albumin must be g\/dL\n \/\/ - If calcium is mmol\/L => albumin must be g\/L\n if ((calciumUnits === \"mg\" && albuminUnits !== \"gdL\") ||\n (calciumUnits === \"mmol\" && albuminUnits !== \"gL\")) {\n errorDiv.style.display = \"block\";\n errorDiv.textContent = \"You must choose consistent units (mg\/dL & g\/dL) or (mmol\/L & g\/L).\";\n return;\n }\n\n let correctedCalcium = 0.0;\n \/\/ Calculate based on the chosen units\n if (calciumUnits === \"mg\" && albuminUnits === \"gdL\") {\n \/\/ mg\/dL formula\n \/\/ Corrected Ca = Ca + 0.8 * (4.0 - Albumin)\n correctedCalcium = calciumValue + 0.8 * (4.0 - albuminValue);\n correctedSpan.textContent = correctedCalcium.toFixed(2) + \" mg\/dL\";\n } else if (calciumUnits === \"mmol\" && albuminUnits === \"gL\") {\n \/\/ mmol\/L formula\n \/\/ Corrected Ca = Ca + 0.02 * (40 - Albumin)\n correctedCalcium = calciumValue + 0.02 * (40 - albuminValue);\n correctedSpan.textContent = correctedCalcium.toFixed(2) + \" mmol\/L\";\n }\n\n \/\/ Display result\n resultSection.style.display = \"block\";\n }\n\n function resetCalculator() {\n document.getElementById(\"calciumValue\").value = \"\";\n document.getElementById(\"albuminValue\").value = \"\";\n document.getElementById(\"calciumUnits\").value = \"mg\";\n document.getElementById(\"albuminUnits\").value = \"gdL\";\n document.getElementById(\"errorMsg\").style.display = \"none\";\n document.getElementById(\"errorMsg\").textContent = \"\";\n document.getElementById(\"resultSection\").style.display = \"none\";\n document.getElementById(\"correctedValue\").textContent = \"--\";\n }\n<\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n<p>A calculator for estimating serum calcium in patients with hypoalbuminemia. An albumin-adjusted serum calcium is required in patients with abnormally high or low albumin levels.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Corrected calcium equation \u2013 calculator<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">In <b>mg\/dl<\/b>: Corrected Calcium [mg\/dL]: 0.8 x (4g\/dL \u2013 Patient’s Albumin in g\/dL) + Serum Calcium (mg\/dL).<\/p>\n<p>In<b> mmol\/L<\/b>: Corrected calcium = 0.02 x (40g\/L \u2013 Patient’s Albumin in g\/L) + Serum Calcium (mmol\/L)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The corrected calcium formula may not be effective for people who have chronic or advanced liver disease.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Normal Calcium Levels<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myendoconsult.com\/learn\/calcium-regulation\/\">Calcium <\/a>is the most abundant mineral in the human body, with about 99% of it being found in bone<sup>1<\/sup>. It is essential in several biochemical processes, including hormone secretion, bone mineralization, maintenance of cell integrity, coagulation of blood, neuromuscular contraction, and signal transduction<sup>2,3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Several hormones with regulatory effects on the <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/anatomy-of-the-parathyroid-gland\/\">parathyroid glands<\/a>, intestine, bone, and kidneys ensure the maintenance of serum calcium within a narrow physiologic range4,5<\/p>\n<h2>Calcium and Albumin Relationship<\/h2>\n<p>Approximately 1% of total body calcium is outside the skeletal system. The amount of calcium present in soft tissues and the extracellular fluid compartment is accounted for by this relatively insignificant proportion of total body calcium<sup>6<\/sup>. The extracellular fluid compartment is composed of unbound (free) calcium and bound (complexed to albumin and organic molecules) calcium in almost equal proportions. <span style=\"color: initial;\">50% of extracellular calcium is <\/span><b style=\"color: initial;\">“ionized” <\/b><span style=\"color: initial;\">and biologically active, 40% remains<\/span><b style=\"color: initial;\"> albumin-bound<\/b><span style=\"color: initial;\">, and 10% is bound to circulating<\/span><b style=\"color: initial;\"> anions<\/b><sup style=\"color: initial;\">8<\/sup><span style=\"color: initial;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Interestingly the common term for<b> free calcium<\/b>, i.e., ionized calcium is a misnomer since all calcium in the human bound is ionized. Indeed, “ionized calcium” in plasma or serum exists in a hydrated state and not as free circulating divalent cations<sup>6,9<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Changes in pH impact the availability of albumin binding sites, which invariably determines the fraction of unbound calcium<sup>8,10<\/sup>. Metabolic perturbations in acid-base balance correlate with the levels of ionized calcium.<\/p>\n<p><b>Metabolic alkalosis <\/b>causes an increase in circulating bicarbonate which binds ionized calcium. In addition, binding of circulating albumin with calcium increases in the setting of alkalosis. Both reasons account for the low level of ionized or free calcium in the setting of alkalosis<sup>10<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>The converse occurs in the setting of <b>metabolic acidosis<\/b>. There is a relatively lower level of circulating bicarbonate; this increases the fraction of ionized or free calcium since less calcium is bound by bicarbonate. Decreased binding of ionized calcium to albumin occurs during metabolic acidosis as well; this is another reason for hypercalcemia in the setting of acidemia<sup>10,11<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>Calcium correction explained<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The body’s total calcium level depends upon serum albumin – the <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/hormones-that-bind-to-plasma-proteins\/\">binding protein<\/a> for calcium. Corrected serum calcium values take into account the level of albumin in the blood.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">This is important because albumin levels can fluctuate and cause calcium levels to be inaccurate. Uncorrected serum calcium values do not take albumin into account, which means they may not be as accurate as corrected calcium.<\/p>\n<h2>Limitations of corrected total calcium<\/h2>\n<p>Ionized calcium is the gold standard for estimating the optimal level of serum calcium. The corrected total calcium equation, a relic of the past, was unfortunately developed at a time when the biochemical estimation of ionized calcium was instead not available for commercial use. Various factors, however, limit the classic corrected total calcium for serum albumin equation.<\/p>\n<p>A significant limitation of corrected total calcium as a means of inferring what ionized calcium should be is that it does not account for variations in hydrogen ions (pH), magnesium, chloride (and other complexing anions), and free fatty acids. It is worth noting that these factors are known to alter the level of ionized calcium.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A critical assumption of the <strong>traditional corrected calcium<\/strong> (for albumin) equation is that ionized calcium is relatively stable even at varying albumin levels. However, this assumption is incorrect since ionized calcium and albumin co-vary in normal physiology and critically ill patients [12].<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>Predictive Models in Special Populations<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-149\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-149 tbody-has-connected-cells\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><strong>Model<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Constituent analytes<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><strong>Population<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-4\"><strong>Web calculator<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-1\">Obi et al [13]<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Total calcium<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-3\">Hemodialysis<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-4\">Not Available<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Albumin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Phosphate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-1\">Ramirez-Sandoval et al [14]<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Total calcium<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-3\">Inpatient setting<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-4\">Yes (True Calcium App on\u00a0<span style=\"color:#008FFF;\">google play<\/span>\u00a0or the\u00a0<span style=\"color:#008FFF;\">App Store<\/span>\u00a0for Apple devices)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Albumin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Total carbon dioxide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Phosphorous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-1\">Sakaguchi et al [15]<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Total calcium<\/td><td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-3\">CKD<\/td><td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-4\">Not available<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Albumin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Sodium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Chloride<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Total carbon dioxide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-1\">Yap et al [16]<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Total calcium<\/td><td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-3\">Critical Care<\/td><td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/qxmd.com\/calculate\/calculator_704\/predicting-ionized-hypocalcemia-in-critical-care\">Yes<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Albumin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Sodium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Chloride<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Total carbon dioxide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h2><span style=\"color: var(--tcb-skin-color-10); font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 30px; font-weight: var(--g-bold-weight, bold); text-transform: capitalize;\">Acknowledgment<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>We thank <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doximity.com\/pub\/philip-goldwasser-md\">Dr. Philip Goldwasser<\/a> for his timely suggestions in improving this post. The sections on limitations of corrected calcium and predictive models in special populations were based on his review article, which can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/jlpm.amegroups.com\/article\/view\/6875\/pdf\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Valle HBD. <a style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); word-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-word-spacing );\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK56060\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Overview of Calcium. National Academies Press (US); 2011. Accessed October 19, 2018.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pu F, Chen N, Xue S. Calcium intake, calcium homeostasis and health. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fshw.2016.01.001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Food Sci Hum Wellness. 2016;5(1):8-16.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bagur R, Hajn\u00f3czky G. Intracellular Ca2+ sensing: role in calcium homeostasis and signaling. <a href=\"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Mol Cell<\/em>. 2017;66(6):780-788.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Greco DS. Endocrine Causes of Calcium Disorders. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1053\/j.tcam.2012.11.001\"><em>Top Companion Anim Med Phila<\/em>. 2012;27(4):150-155.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Allgrove J. Physiology of Calcium, Phosphate, Magnesium and Vitamin D. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000380990\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Calcium Bone Disord Child Adolesc<\/em>. 2015;28:7-32.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Baird GS. Ionized calcium. <em>Clin Chim Acta Int J Clin Chem<\/em>. 2011;412(9-10):696-701. doi:10.1016\/j.cca.2011.01.004<\/li>\n<li>Calvi LM, Bushinsky DA. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2007121327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">When Is It Appropriate to Order an Ionized Calcium? <em>J Am Soc Nephrol<\/em>. 2008;19(7):1257-1260.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bushinsky DA, Monk RD. Calcium. <em>The Lancet<\/em>. 1998;352(9124):306-311.<\/li>\n<li>Burtis CA, Bruns DE. <em>Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics – E-Book<\/em>. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.<\/li>\n<li>Oberleithner H, Greger R, Lang F. The effect of respiratory and metabolic acid-base changes on ionized calcium concentration: in vivo and in vitro experiments in man and rat. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1982.tb02223.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Eur J Clin Invest<\/em>. 1982;12(6):451-455.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rastegar M, Levine BS, Felsenfeld AJ. Metabolic acidosis-induced hypercalcemia in an azotemic <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/primary-hyperparathyroidism-a-comprehensive-guide-for-patients\/\">patient with primary hyperparathyroidism<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfu041\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Clin Kidney J<\/em>. 2014;7(3):299-302.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Yap, E. & Goldwasser, P. Can ionized calcium-estimating equations replace albumin-corrected calcium?\u2014a narrative review. <a href=\"https:\/\/jlpm.amegroups.com\/article\/view\/6875\">J. Lab. Precis. Med. Vol 7 April 2022 J. Lab. Precis. Med. (2022).<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Obi Y, Nguyen DV, Streja E, Rivara MB, Rhee CM, Lau WL, Chen Y, Kovesdy CP, Mehrotra R, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Development and Validation of a Novel Laboratory-Specific Correction Equation for Total Serum Calcium and Its Association With Mortality Among Hemodialysis Patients. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.3013\">J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Mar;32(3):549-559.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ramirez-Sandoval JC, Gutierrez Valle F, Ley S, et al. Development of a novel predictive equation for ionized calcium in hospitalized subjects: Albumin-corrected calcium is extremely inaccurate [Abstract]. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019;30:21<\/li>\n<li>Sakaguchi Y, Hamano T, Kubota K, Oka T, Yamaguchi S, Matsumoto A, Hashimoto N, Mori D, Obi Y, Matsui I, Isaka Y. <a href=\"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/anion-gap-formula\/\">Anion Gap<\/a> as a Determinant of Ionized Fraction of Divalent Cations in Hemodialysis Patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Feb 7;13(2):274-281.<\/li>\n<li>Yap E, Roche-Recinos A, Goldwasser P. Predicting Ionized Hypocalcemia in Critical Care: An Improved Method Based on the Anion Gap. J Appl Lab Med 2020;5:4-14<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calcium Albumin Correction Calculator Calcium Albumin Correction Corrects serum calcium based on albumin levels. Select consistent units (mg\/dL & g\/dL) or (mmol\/L & g\/L). Serum Calcium: Albumin: Calcium Units mg\/dLmmol\/L Albumin Units g\/dLg\/L Submit Reset Corrected Calcium: — A calculator for estimating serum calcium in patients with hypoalbuminemia. An albumin-adjusted serum calcium is required in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-979851","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-endocalculator","post-wrapper","thrv_wrapper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979851","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=979851"}],"version-history":[{"count":129,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979851\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4422240,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979851\/revisions\/4422240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=979851"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=979851"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myendoconsult.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=979851"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}