Pituitary Gland Pathology MCQs

A 30-year-old woman presents with oligo/amenorrhea and galactorrhea. What is the likelihood of her having hyperprolactinemia?

Which of the following is the first-line therapy for prolactinomas?

Which of the following is the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia?

In a patient with a large macroadenoma and only modestly elevated prolactin levels, what phenomenon should be considered?

What is the recommended course of action for pregnant patients with macroprolactinomas?

A 35-year-old female presents with galactorrhea and amenorrhea. What is the most appropriate initial laboratory evaluation for this patient?

What is the primary treatment of choice for most symptomatic patients with microadenomas or idiopathic hyperprolactinemia?

Which of the following is a rare but significant side-effect of dopamine agonist treatment?

In patients with macroprolactinomas and normal to modestly elevated prolactin levels, why should prolactin levels be remeasured at 1:10 or 1:100 dilution?

A 35-year-old female patient presents with amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Which of the following tests is NOT part of the initial laboratory evaluation for hyperprolactinemia?

Which of the following can cause a false elevation of prolactin levels in serum due to high molecular weight variants of prolactin with diminished biologic potency?

In patients with prolactinomas and normal to modestly elevated prolactin levels, which phenomenon might be responsible for the misleading results?

What is the first-line treatment for most symptomatic patients with prolactinomas?

A 35-year-old female patient presents with amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Which of the following tests is NOT part of the initial laboratory evaluation for hyperprolactinemia?

Which of the following can cause a false elevation of prolactin levels in serum due to high molecular weight variants of prolactin with diminished biologic potency?

In patients with prolactinomas and normal to modestly elevated prolactin levels, which phenomenon might be responsible for the misleading results?

What is the first-line treatment for most symptomatic patients with prolactinomas?

A 45-year-old male with inadequately treated hypertension presents with a sudden severe headache, vomiting, and visual defects. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for his symptoms?

A 38-year-old female with a history of non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma presents with sudden headache, vomiting, and decreased visual acuity. Which factor in her medical history increases her risk of pituitary apoplexy?

In patients with pituitary apoplexy, what is the most common presenting symptom?

Which of the following drugs has been associated with an increased risk of pituitary apoplexy?

A 55-year-old female with a history of pituitary tumor presents with a severe headache, vomiting, and visual disturbances. Which radiologic test is the most appropriate for the diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy?

A 60-year-old male with suspected pituitary apoplexy has a random cortisol level of 4 ug/dl. What does this result suggest?

Which condition is the major source of mortality associated with pituitary apoplexy?

A patient with pituitary apoplexy and significant neuro-ophthalmic signs is being managed in the hospital. What is the most appropriate initial treatment for this patient?

A 50-year-old patient presents with headache, vomiting, and vision defects. Which of the following is NOT part of the Apoplexy Triad?

In patients with pituitary apoplexy, what percentage of patients is likely to have true apoplexy (the constellation of symptoms)?

Which of the following conditions is a predisposing factor for pituitary apoplexy?

What is the main cause of the symptoms and consequences of pituitary apoplexy?

A 45-year-old patient presents with fatigue, decreased muscle mass, and decreased libido. Which hormone deficiency should be suspected in this patient?

A patient with panhypopituitarism presents with amenorrhea and slightly elevated prolactin levels. What is the likely cause of these symptoms?

Which of the following tests is the screening test of choice to rule out adrenal insufficiency?

A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, hypernatremia, and low urine osmolarity. What is the likely pituitary-related cause of these symptoms?

Which of the following is NOT a cause of acquired hypopituitarism?

In a patient with hypopituitarism, which of the following symptoms is associated with a deficiency in GH/IGF-1?

Which of the following pituitary hormone deficiencies can cause hyponatremia?

In patients with hypopituitarism, the order of loss of hormonal function tends to preserve the most crucial hormones for survival. Which hormone deficiency usually manifests first?

Which of the following is a potential cause of hypopituitarism due to hypothalamic disease?

A 56-year-old male patient with a history of unexplained fatigue presents with low morning cortisol levels. Which test should be performed to confirm ACTH deficiency in this patient?

A 48-year-old postmenopausal woman is suspected of having hypopituitarism. Which hormone level can be a sensitive test to screen for hypopituitarism in this patient?

In a patient with secondary hypothyroidism, which of the following hormone levels should not be followed to titrate thyroid replacement therapy?

A 45-year-old male patient with newly diagnosed hypopituitarism is being started on hormone replacement therapy. Which hormone should be replaced first to avoid a potentially life-threatening condition?

A 35-year-old woman presents with excessive thirst and frequent urination. She reports an average daily urine output of more than 4 liters. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which hormone primarily regulates renal water excretion and is involved in the pathophysiology of DI?

A 40-year-old man with a history of traumatic brain injury presents with polyuria and polydipsia. Which form of DI is most likely in this case?

In the case of X-linked familial nephrogenic DI, which gene mutation is primarily responsible?

A patient with DI is found to have a pituitary mass during imaging studies. Which diagnosis should be considered other than pituitary adenoma?

Which of the following is a cause of secondary/acquired hypothalamic DI?

A patient with DI and a history of long-term lithium use is suspected to have nephrogenic DI. What is the most likely reason for this patient's condition?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the antidiuretic phase seen in some patients following pituitary stalk trauma?