Reproductive Physiology MCQs

Reproductive Physiology MCQs

Reproductive Physiology MCQs

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1. Question
Which cells combine to generate a new diploid cell in the process of reproduction?
- A. Somatic cells
- B. Haploid cells
- C. Diploid cells
- D. Mesenchymal cells
Correct
Incorrect
These cells contain half the normal number of chromosomes.
2. Question
What are the male and female haploid gametes called?
- A. Spermatozoa and ova
- B. Sertoli and Leydig cells
- C. Mesenchymal and primordial germ cells
- D. Wolffian and Mullerian ducts
Correct
Incorrect
These cells are produced by the male and female gonads.
3. Question
Which gene on the Y chromosome plays a crucial role in the development of testes in a male fetus?
- A. MIH gene
- B. SRY gene
- C. XRY gene
- D. MRY gene
Correct
Incorrect
This gene is responsible for the presence and expression of Sertoli cells.
4. Question
What is the function of the Sertoli cells in the development of the male reproductive system?
- A. Stimulating the development of Wolffian ducts
- B. Producing androgens
- C. Producing Mullerian Inhibitory Hormone (MIH)
- D. Initiating the formation of the male phenotype
Correct
Incorrect
These cells are responsible for blocking the development of the primitive female reproductive tract.
5. Question
What happens if the SRY-containing region on the Y chromosome is deleted or mutated in genetic males?
- A. The individual develops as a male with both testes and ovaries
- B. The individual develops as a female with both testes and ovaries
- C. The indifferent gonads become ovaries and the phenotype develops along the female line
- D. The indifferent gonads become testes and the phenotype develops along the male line
Correct
Incorrect
6. Question
Which hormone is secreted by Leydig cells in the early testes?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Progesterone
- C. Mullerian Inhibitory Hormone (MIH)
- D. Testosterone
Correct
Incorrect
These cells are involved in the development of the male reproductive system.
7. Question
What structures do the Wolffian ducts develop into in the male reproductive system?
- A. Seminiferous tubules and rete testis
- B. Epididymis and vas deferens
- C. Sertoli and Leydig cells
- D. Ovaries and ova
Correct
Incorrect
These structures are part of the male reproductive system.
8. Question
In which week of fetal development do the paired indifferent gonads in a male fetus develop into testes?
- A. Second week
- B. Fourth week
- C. Sixth week
- D. Eighth week
Correct
Incorrect
The presence and expression of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome trigger this development.
9. Question
Which cells remain quiescent until puberty and then become activated in males?
- A. Primary spermatocytes
- B. Secondary spermatocytes
- C. A1 spermatogonia
- D. Sertoli cells
Correct
Incorrect
These cells are the initial stage of male gamete production.
10. Question
How long does the cycle of spermatogenesis take in humans?
- A. 30 days
- B. 64 days
- C. 90 days
- D. 120 days
Correct
Incorrect
The length of this cycle is species dependent.
11. Question
What is the condition called when a genetic male has a defect that decreases tissue-specific androgen sensitivity?
- A. Testicular feminising syndrome
- B. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- C. Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS)
- D. Cryptorchidism
Correct
Incorrect
This condition results in the regression of female Müllerian ducts but a failure to respond in androgen-sensitive tissues.
12. Question
Which hormone is believed to act on the gubernaculum during testes migration in the developing human male fetus?
- A. Testosterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Müllerian Inhibitory Hormone (MIH)
- D. Progesterone
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone is produced by the Sertoli cells.
13. Question
What is the term for the condition in which the testes fail to descend and remain hidden within the body?
- A. Testicular feminising syndrome
- B. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- C. Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS)
- D. Cryptorchidism
Correct
Incorrect
This condition is associated with infertility.
14. Question
What is the role of Sertoli cells in the final development process of spermatocytes?
- A. Stimulating mitotic divisions
- B. Producing testosterone
- C. Inhibiting further development of Müllerian ducts
- D. Enveloping the later stages of spermatocytes
Correct
Incorrect
These cells have specialized connections called ectoplasmic specializations with spermatocytes.
15. Question
In which fluid space are primary spermatocytes formed in the male reproductive system?
- A. Seminiferous fluid
- B. Basal fluid space
- C. Interstitial fluid
- D. Epididymal fluid
Correct
Incorrect
This fluid space is located around the seminiferous tubules.
16. Question
What is the name of the specialized connections between secondary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells?
- A. Cytoplasmic bridges
- B. Ectoplasmic specializations
- C. Gap junctions
- D. Zonal junctions
Correct
Incorrect
These connections play a role in the attachment of spermatocytes to Sertoli cells.
17. Question
Which hormone, produced by interstitial Leydig cells, stimulates the development of the Wolffian ducts and the male external genitalia?
- A. Testosterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Müllerian Inhibitory Hormone (MIH)
- D. Progesterone
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone is responsible for further development along the male line.
18. Question
Which arteries provide arterial blood to the surface of each testis?
- A. Testicular arteries
- B. Superficial and external pudendal branches of the femoral artery
- C. Perineal branch of the internal pudendal artery
- D. Both B and C
Correct
Incorrect
These arteries supply blood to the testis surface from different sources.
19. Question
Which part of the testis provides a heat exchange system due to the close proximity of arterial and venous systems?
- A. Sertoli cells
- B. Interstitial fluid compartment
- C. Seminiferous tubules
- D. Coiled internal spermatic arterial system and venous pampiniform plexus
Correct
Incorrect
This system helps in keeping the temperature of the incoming blood lower and the departing blood higher.
20. Question
What does the barrier formed by multiple tight and gap junctions encircling Sertoli cells prevent?
- A. Movement of spermatozoa into the blood
- B. Non-selective passage of molecules into the seminiferous tubules
- C. The formation of seminiferous fluid
- D. Both A and B
Correct
Incorrect
This barrier develops only at puberty when spermatogenesis begins.
21. Question
What is the primary hormone that Sertoli cells synthesize receptors for?
- A. Testosterone
- B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- C. Inhibin
- D. Activin
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone comes from the anterior pituitary.
22. Question
What is the primary function of Leydig cells in the testes?
- A. Secrete seminiferous fluid
- B. Produce testosterone
- C. Form a barrier between the interstitial and luminal fluids
- D. Convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone or 17β-oestradiol
Correct
Incorrect
These cells are endocrine cells located within the interstitial fluid compartment.
23. Question
Which hormone do Sertoli cells secrete in addition to producing many other substances?
- A. Inhibin
- B. Testosterone
- C. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- D. Activin
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone is produced by endocrine cells within the seminiferous tubules.
24. Question
Which glands synthesize androgens to a limited extent, and their production is particularly relevant in females?
- A. Thyroid glands
- B. Adrenal glands
- C. Pituitary glands
- D. Ovaries
Correct
Incorrect
These glands are not part of the reproductive system but do produce hormones that affect it.
25. Question
What is the name given to the bundle of arteries, veins, and reproductive tract (vas deferens) from each testis passing through the inguinal canal?
- A. Inguinal bundle
- B. Spermatic cord
- C. Testicular pedicle
- D. Vas deferens complex
Correct
Incorrect
This structure connects the testes to the rest of the reproductive system.
26. Question
Which cells in the testes synthesize androgens?
- A. Sertoli cells
- B. Leydig cells
- C. Seminiferous tubule cells
- D. Germ cells
Correct
Incorrect
These cells are found in small groups within the interstitial fluid present between the seminiferous tubules.
27. Question
What enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?
- A. Aromatase
- B. 5α-reductase
- C. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- D. Steroid sulfatase
Correct
Incorrect
This enzyme is present in many androgen-responsive tissues, including the prostate, skin, and sebaceous glands.
28. Question
What protein does testosterone bind to in the bloodstream?
- A. Androgen-binding globulin (ABG)
- B. Plasma albumin
- C. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)
- D. Testosterone-binding globulin (TBG)
Correct
Incorrect
This plasma protein also binds other sex hormones such as oestrogens and progestogens.
29. Question
What binding protein does testosterone bind to in the seminiferous fluid?
- A. Androgen-binding globulin (ABG)
- B. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)
- C. Testosterone-binding globulin (TBG)
- D. Plasma albumin
Correct
Incorrect
This binding protein is more selective compared to the one found in the bloodstream.
30. Question
Where are androgen receptors primarily located within target cells?
- A. Cell membrane
- B. Cytoplasm
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Nucleus
Correct
Incorrect
31. Question
Which hormone acts as a precursor to all other steroids in the synthesis pathway of androgens?
- A. Testosterone
- B. Progesterone
- C. Oestradiol
- D. Dihydrotestosterone
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone is synthesized from cholesterol early on in the pathway.
32. Question
Which enzyme converts testosterone to the potent 17β-oestradiol?
- A. 5α-reductase
- B. Aromatase
- C. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- D. Steroid sulfatase
Correct
Incorrect
This enzyme is found in some tissues and converts testosterone to a hormone that is particularly important in females but also has effects in males.
33. Question
What is the main testicular androgen produced from the weak dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione?
- A. Testosterone
- B. Dihydrotestosterone
- C. Progesterone
- D. Oestradiol
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone is a potent androgen in its own right and can be converted to an even more powerful androgen by the enzyme 5α-reductase.
34. Question
Which anterior pituitary hormone is crucial for the initiation of spermatogenesis?
- A. Luteinising hormone (LH)
- B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- C. Growth hormone (GH)
- D. Prolactin
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone binds to its receptors in the Sertoli cells and induces activities necessary for the spermatogenic process.
35. Question
Which enzyme is responsible for the aromatisation of testosterone to oestrogens in Sertoli cells?
- A. Aromatase
- B. 5α-reductase
- C. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- D. Steroid sulfatase
Correct
Incorrect
This enzyme converts testosterone to oestrogens in Sertoli cells.
36. Question
What is the main function of the accessory sex glands in males?
- A. Production of testosterone
- B. Production of inhibin
- C. Providing constituents in the seminal fluid
- D. Synthesis of androgen receptors
Correct
Incorrect
These glands contribute to the seminal fluid by providing nutrients and fluid volume.
37. Question
Which hormone stimulates the synthesis of androgens by the interstitial Leydig cells?
- A. Luteinising hormone (LH)
- B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- C. Growth hormone (GH)
- D. Prolactin
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and is involved in stimulating androgen production.
38. Question
What is the main source of fructose and sorbitol in human semen?
- A. Seminal vesicles
- B. Prostate
- C. Epididymis
- D. Bulbourethral glands
Correct
Incorrect
39. Question
What is the primary role of androgens during puberty?
- A. Stimulating the development of secondary sexual characteristics
- B. Initiating the process of spermatogenesis
- C. Promoting the synthesis of androgen receptors
- D. Maintaining the male accessory sex glands
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone is responsible for the development of specific characteristics in males during adolescence.
40. Question
Which hormone is produced by the Sertoli cells following FSH stimulation?
- A. Inhibin
- B. Testosterone
- C. Activin
- D. Oestrogen
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone is produced by Sertoli cells and is involved in the regulation of the hypothalamo-adenohypophysial axis.
41. Question
What happens to spermatozoa once they reach the epididymis?
- A. They are concentrated 100-fold as water is reabsorbed
- B. They are mixed with seminal vesicle secretions
- C. They undergo capacitation
- D. They are stored in the vas deferens
Correct
Incorrect
In this part of the male reproductive system, spermatozoa undergo a process involving water reabsorption.
42. Question
Which accessory sex gland contributes the largest volume of fluid to human semen?
- A. Seminal vesicles
- B. Prostate
- C. Ampulla of the vasa deferentia
- D. Bulbourethral glands
Correct
Incorrect
This gland contributes about 60% of the total volume of human semen.
43. Question
What is the role of androgens in protein metabolism?
- A. They inhibit protein synthesis
- B. They stimulate protein synthesis
- C. They break down proteins
- D. They have no significant effect on protein metabolism
Correct
Incorrect
Androgens are considered anabolic steroids and play a role in a specific type of metabolism.
44. Question
Which hormone stimulates the production of erythropoietin, leading to an increase in erythrocyte proliferation?
- A. Testosterone
- B. Oestrogen
- C. Progesterone
- D. Insulin
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone is an androgen that plays a role in the production of a specific hormone that influences erythrocyte proliferation.
45. Question
Which cells synthesize inhibin in response to FSH stimulation in males?
- A. Leydig cells
- B. Sertoli cells
- C. Germ cells
- D. Gonadotrophs
Correct
Incorrect
These cells are found in the male reproductive system and are involved in the synthesis of inhibin in response to FSH.
46. Question
What is the primary endocrine influence on Leydig cells for the production of androgens?
- A. FSH from the anterior pituitary gland
- B. LH from the anterior pituitary gland
- C. Testosterone from the testes
- D. GnRH from the hypothalamus
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone is released from the anterior pituitary gland and influences Leydig cells in the testes to produce androgens.
47. Question
What is the effect of androgens on sebaceous secretion?
- A. Androgens decrease sebaceous secretion
- B. Androgens increase sebaceous secretion
- C. Androgens have no effect on sebaceous secretion
- D. The effect of androgens on sebaceous secretion is unknown
Correct
Incorrect
Androgens have an effect on sebaceous glands and can lead to a common skin problem in adolescents.
48. Question
What are the glycoproteins that bind to activin molecules and block their activity?
- A. Inhibins
- B. Follistatins
- C. Activin-binding proteins
- D. Betaglycans
Correct
Incorrect
These glycoproteins are produced by gonadotrophs and folliculostellate cells and have a blocking effect on activin molecules.
49. Question
What is the primary hormone responsible for controlling Sertoli cell function?
- A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- C. Testosterone
- D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Correct
Incorrect
This hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and acts on the Sertoli cells in the testes.
50. Question
Which hormone is responsible for the pubertal growth spurt in males?
- A. Testosterone
- B. Oestrogen
- C. Growth hormone
- D. Both testosterone and growth hormone
Correct
Incorrect
This growth spurt is due to the combined action of an androgen and another hormone that influences growth.
51. Question
Which factors play a significant role in determining the successful development of penile erection?
- A. Visual, tactile, and olfactory factors
- B. Hormonal factors only
- C. Neural factors only
- D. Vascular factors only
Correct
Incorrect
These factors are related to the senses and play a key role in penile erection.
52. Question
What is the neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating the synthesis of nitric oxide during penile erection?
- A. Dopamine
- B. Serotonin
- C. Acetylcholine
- D. Norepinephrine
Correct
Incorrect
This neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic nerve fibers and is involved in the vasodilation process.
53. Question
Which drug is commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for degrading cGMP?
- A. Tadalafil
- B. Sildenafil
- C. Vardenafil
- D. Avanafil
Correct
Incorrect
This drug is also known as Viagra and is a popular treatment for erectile dysfunction.
54. Question
What is the commonest cause of primary testicular failure?
- A. Klinefelter's syndrome
- B. Down syndrome
- C. Turner syndrome
- D. Fragile X syndrome
Correct
Incorrect
This syndrome is characterized by an extra chromosome (47 XXY) and is associated with small testes, azoospermia, and gynecomastia.
55. Question
Which part of the penis does not contribute to the development of an erection but provides blood to the glans and the skin of the penis?
- A. Cavernosal arteries
- B. Corpus spongiosum
- C. Corpora cavernosa
- D. Dorsal artery
Correct
Incorrect
This artery runs along the length of the penis and is separate from the main structure responsible for an erection.
56. Question
What prevents the collapse of the central urethra during penile erection?
- A. Corpus spongiosum
- B. Corpora cavernosa
- C. Dorsal artery
- D. Cavernosal arteries
Correct
Incorrect
This structure is a venous sinusoidal space that surrounds the urethra and has a spongy appearance.
57. Question
What is the primary reason for impotence in males?
- A. An inability to produce an erect penis
- B. Low testosterone levels
- C. Decreased blood flow to the penis
- D. Nerve damage
Correct
Incorrect
Impotence is a result of a failure to achieve a specific penile state.
58. Question
During which phase of sleep do nocturnal erections occur?
- A. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep
- B. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
- C. Light sleep
- D. Deep sleep
Correct
Incorrect
This phase of sleep is associated with dreaming and is characterized by rapid eye movements.
59. Question
What condition is caused by a defective testosterone receptor and results in a phenotypic normal female with testes?
- A. Klinefelter's syndrome
- B. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
- C. Primary testicular failure
- D. Hydrocoele
Correct
Incorrect
This condition is caused by a genetic defect in the X-chromosome and affects the way the body responds to testosterone.
60. Question
Which condition is characterized by the swelling or inflammation of the epididymis and may occur as a result of bacterial or chlamydial infection?
- A. Varicocoele
- B. Epididymitis
- C. Testicular torsion
- D. Hydrocoele
Correct
Incorrect
This condition typically affects males between the ages of 19 and 35 and can cause fever, tenderness, and pain in the scrotum.
61. Question
What is a hydrocoele and what causes it?
- A. A collection of varicose veins in the scrotum caused by high pressure in the left renal vein
- B. A condition where the testis rotates about its axis and the spermatic cord twists
- C. Excessive fluid in the tunica vaginalis caused by primary or secondary factors
- D. Germ cell aplasia and tubular atrophy in Klinefelter's syndrome patients
Correct
Incorrect
This condition causes a soft, non-tender and cystic swelling in the scrotum and the testis cannot be palpated due to the fluid collection.
62. Question
What is the most common age range for the occurrence of testicular tumors?
- A. 10-20 years
- B. 20-40 years
- C. 40-60 years
- D. 60-80 years
Correct
Incorrect
These tumors often originate from germ cells and are more prevalent in younger adult males.
63. Question
What is a varicocoele and why is it more common on the left side?
- A. A collection of varicose veins in the scrotum caused by high pressure in the left renal vein
- B. Excessive fluid in the tunica vaginalis caused by primary or secondary factors
- C. A condition where the testis rotates about its axis and the spermatic cord twists
- D. Swelling or inflammation of the epididymis caused by bacterial infection
Correct
Incorrect
This condition can cause a 'bag of worms' feeling and is related to the pressure in the renal veins.
64. Question
Which condition requires emergency surgery to protect the vascular supply to the testicle?
- A. Epididymitis
- B. Testicular torsion
- C. Varicocoele
- D. Hydrocoele
Correct
Incorrect
This condition often presents with acute pain and can lead to testicular infarction if not treated promptly.
65. Question
What is the classic testicular histopathology observed in adult men with Klinefelter's syndrome?
- A. Germ cell aplasia, total tubular atrophy, and relative hyperplasia of Leydig cells
- B. Excessive fluid in the tunica vaginalis
- C. Swelling or inflammation of the epididymis
- D. A collection of varicose veins in the scrotum
Correct
Incorrect
This histopathological finding is specific to a chromosomal disorder affecting males.
66. Question
In which condition does the patient experience primary amenorrhea and has a short blind-ending vagina without a uterus?
- A. Klinefelter's syndrome
- B. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
- C. Primary testicular failure
- D. Testicular cancer
Correct
Incorrect
67. Question
What are the two main functions of the female ovaries?
- A. Gametogenesis and steroidogenesis
- B. Sperm production and hormone regulation
- C. Embryonic development and lactation
- D. Ovulation and menstrual cycle regulation
Correct
Incorrect
These two functions are essential for the procreation of the species.
68. Question
What is the difference between oestrous cycles and menstrual cycles?
- A. Duration and species in which they occur
- B. Hormonal regulation and function
- C. The presence or absence of ova production
- D. The organs involved in the cycles
Correct
Incorrect
One type of cycle is found in rodents, while the other is found in primates.
69. Question
What is the name of the axis that links ovarian and endometrial events through endocrine regulation?
- A. Hypothalamo-adenohypophysial-ovarian axis
- B. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis
- C. Hypothalamo-thyroid axis
- D. Hypothalamo-gonadal axis
Correct
Incorrect
This axis involves the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary, and the ovaries.
70. Question
How many primary oocytes are formed in the female fetus during the initial mitotic divisions of germ cells?
- A. 2 million
- B. 6 million
- C. 1 million
- D. 10 million
Correct
Incorrect
71. Question
Which of the following effects is associated with oestrogens in the cardiovascular system?
- A. Decrease circulating triglyceride concentrations
- B. Reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) removal
- C. Increase the removal of LDL-C by stimulating hepatic synthesis of LDL receptors
- D. Decrease high-density lipoprotein (HDL) synthesis
Correct
Incorrect
Oestrogens have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system by influencing lipoprotein cholesterol.
72. Question
How do oestrogens affect protein synthesis?
- A. They strongly inhibit protein synthesis
- B. They are potent anabolic steroids compared to androgens
- C. They stimulate protein synthesis but are relatively weak anabolic steroids compared to androgens
- D. They have no impact on protein synthesis
Correct
Incorrect
Oestrogens have an effect on protein synthesis, especially during puberty.
73. Question
What is the main effect of oestrogens on the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle?
- A. Inhibition of cell division
- B. Stimulation of cell division and growth of the functionalis layer
- C. Degeneration of the endometrium
- D. Suppression of epithelial growth factors
Correct
Incorrect
Oestrogens have an effect on the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle.
74. Question
How do oestrogens affect cervical secretion during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
- A. They decrease cervical secretion
- B. They promote secretion of a copious watery mucous, favorable to spermatozoa
- C. They promote secretion of a thick, acidic mucous, unfavorable to spermatozoa
- D. They have no impact on cervical secretion
Correct
Incorrect
Oestrogens have an effect on cervical secretion during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle.
75. Question
Which of the following is a consequence of excessively raised circulating androgens or oestrogens during puberty?
- A. Rapid skeletal maturity, resulting in increased final height
- B. Delayed skeletal maturity, resulting in decreased final height
- C. Rapid skeletal maturity, resulting in reduced final height
- D. Delayed skeletal maturity, resulting in increased final height
Correct
Incorrect
Excessive gonadal steroids during puberty affect skeletal maturity and final height.
76. Question
How do oestrogens affect renal sodium reabsorption?
- A. They decrease renal sodium reabsorption
- B. They increase renal sodium reabsorption in proximal and distal tubules
- C. They have no impact on renal sodium reabsorption
- D. They increase renal sodium reabsorption only in proximal tubules
Correct
Incorrect
Oestrogens have an effect on renal sodium reabsorption.
77. Question
Which of the following effects do oestrogens have on the gastrointestinal system?
- A. They inhibit calcium absorption in the small intestine
- B. They stimulate calcium absorption in the small intestine
- C. They have no impact on calcium absorption in the small intestine
- D. They stimulate calcium absorption only in the large intestine
Correct
Incorrect
Oestrogens affect calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal system.
78. Question
Which of the following is a central effect of oestrogens on behavior?
- A. Inhibition of aggression and competitiveness
- B. Promotion of aggression and competitiveness
- C. No impact on aggression and competitiveness
- D. Suppression of cognition and social communication
Correct
Incorrect
Oestrogens have central effects on behavior.
79. Question
Which hormone plays a key role in stimulating ductile growth in breast tissue development?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Oestrogen
- C. Testosterone
- D. Growth hormone
Correct
Incorrect
Breast tissue development is influenced by hormones, with one playing a key role in ductile growth.
80. Question
What is the primary role of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in relation to oestrogens?
- A. Transport cholesterol from the intestinal tract to target cells
- B. Increase the circulating cholesterol level
- C. Reduce the circulating cholesterol level
- D. Redistribute cholesterol and other lipids away from blood vessels
Correct
Incorrect
HDL has a specific role in cholesterol redistribution under the influence of oestrogens.
81. Question
Which of the following is a consequence of decreased levels of circulating oestrogen after menopause?
- A. Reduced risk of coronary artery disease
- B. Increased risk of coronary artery disease
- C. No change in the risk of coronary artery disease
- D. Reduced risk of osteoporosis
Correct
Incorrect
Menopause and decreased oestrogen levels have an impact on coronary artery disease risk.
82. Question
How do oestrogens affect bone mineralisation?
- A. They inhibit bone mineralisation by stimulating osteoclasts
- B. They promote bone mineralisation by stimulating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclast actions
- C. They have no impact on bone mineralisation
- D. They inhibit bone mineralisation by inhibiting osteoblasts
Correct
Incorrect
Oestrogens have an effect on bone mineralisation through their actions on osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
83. Question
In which phase of the ovarian cycle is progesterone mainly synthesized?
- A. Follicular phase
- B. Luteal phase
- C. Menstrual phase
- D. Proliferative phase
Correct
Incorrect
Progesterone synthesis is linked to a specific phase of the ovarian cycle.
84. Question
What is the main role of progesterone in the endometrium?
- A. Stimulate the secretory activity of the endometrial glands
- B. Inhibit the secretory activity of the endometrial glands
- C. Promote endometrial proliferation
- D. Regulate the menstrual cycle
Correct
Incorrect
Progesterone has a specific function in the endometrium during the secretory phase.
85. Question
Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring progestogen?
- A. Pregnenolone
- B. Progesterone
- C. 17α-hydroxyprogesterone
- D. Estradiol
Correct
Incorrect
One of the options is an estrogen, not a progestogen.
86. Question
Which protein transports most of the progesterone in the blood?
- A. Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)
- B. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)
- C. Albumin
- D. α-fetoprotein
Correct
Incorrect
The majority of progesterone is bound to a specific plasma protein.
87. Question
What effect does progesterone have on cervical secretions after ovulation?
- A. Increases volume and viscosity
- B. Decreases volume and viscosity
- C. Increases volume and decreases viscosity
- D. Decreases volume and increases viscosity
Correct
Incorrect
Progesterone has an effect on cervical secretions after ovulation.
88. Question
How does progesterone affect sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron?
- A. Increases sodium reabsorption
- B. Decreases sodium reabsorption
- C. Has no effect on sodium reabsorption
- D. Stimulates aldosterone-mediated sodium reabsorption
Correct
Incorrect
Progesterone has an effect on aldosterone-mediated sodium reabsorption.
89. Question
Which of the following hormones does inhibin primarily inhibit?
- A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- B. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- C. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
- D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Correct
Incorrect
Inhibin has a specific effect on one of the hormones involved in the ovarian cycle.
90. Question
In which cells are inhibins synthesized in the ovaries?
- A. Theca cells
- B. Granulosa cells
- C. Luteal cells
- D. Stroma cells
Correct
Incorrect
Inhibin synthesis occurs in a specific type of ovarian cells.
91. Question
What is the main source of progesterone during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?
- A. Adrenal glands
- B. Granulosa cells
- C. Luteal cells of the corpus luteum
- D. Placenta
Correct
Incorrect
Progesterone has a primary source during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
92. Question
How does progesterone affect basal body temperature after ovulation?
- A. Decreases basal body temperature
- B. Increases basal body temperature
- C. Has no effect on basal body temperature
- D. Fluctuates basal body temperature
Correct
Incorrect
Progesterone has an effect on basal body temperature after ovulation.
93. Question
What is the main role of progesterone in the endometrial cycle?
- A. Stimulating the growth of the endometrial glands
- B. Inhibiting the growth of the endometrial glands
- C. Stimulating the secretory activity of the endometrial glands
- D. Inhibiting the secretory activity of the endometrial glands
Correct
Incorrect
Progesterone has a primary function during the endometrial cycle.
94. Question
Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring progestogen?
- A. Pregnenolone
- B. Progesterone
- C. 17α-hydroxyprogesterone
- D. Estradiol
Correct
Incorrect
One of the options is an estrogen, not a progestogen.

3 Comments

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atnaf August 18, 2024 at 5:24 am

Good job keep it up

kutanius84 August 10, 2024 at 10:00 am

Good work! Thank you.

Muhindo Benson October 10, 2023 at 3:15 pm

Good, nice work

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