Reproductive Physiology MCQs
Reproductive Physiology MCQs
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- Incorrect
- 1. Question
Which cells combine to generate a new diploid cell in the process of reproduction?
CorrectIncorrectThese cells contain half the normal number of chromosomes.
- 2. Question
What are the male and female haploid gametes called?
CorrectIncorrectThese cells are produced by the male and female gonads.
- 3. Question
Which gene on the Y chromosome plays a crucial role in the development of testes in a male fetus?
CorrectIncorrectThis gene is responsible for the presence and expression of Sertoli cells.
- 4. Question
What is the function of the Sertoli cells in the development of the male reproductive system?
CorrectIncorrectThese cells are responsible for blocking the development of the primitive female reproductive tract.
- 5. Question
What happens if the SRY-containing region on the Y chromosome is deleted or mutated in genetic males?
CorrectIncorrect - 6. Question
Which hormone is secreted by Leydig cells in the early testes?
CorrectIncorrectThese cells are involved in the development of the male reproductive system.
- 7. Question
What structures do the Wolffian ducts develop into in the male reproductive system?
CorrectIncorrectThese structures are part of the male reproductive system.
- 8. Question
In which week of fetal development do the paired indifferent gonads in a male fetus develop into testes?
CorrectIncorrectThe presence and expression of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome trigger this development.
- 9. Question
Which cells remain quiescent until puberty and then become activated in males?
CorrectIncorrectThese cells are the initial stage of male gamete production.
- 10. Question
How long does the cycle of spermatogenesis take in humans?
CorrectIncorrectThe length of this cycle is species dependent.
- 11. Question
What is the condition called when a genetic male has a defect that decreases tissue-specific androgen sensitivity?
CorrectIncorrectThis condition results in the regression of female Müllerian ducts but a failure to respond in androgen-sensitive tissues.
- 12. Question
Which hormone is believed to act on the gubernaculum during testes migration in the developing human male fetus?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone is produced by the Sertoli cells.
- 13. Question
What is the term for the condition in which the testes fail to descend and remain hidden within the body?
CorrectIncorrectThis condition is associated with infertility.
- 14. Question
What is the role of Sertoli cells in the final development process of spermatocytes?
CorrectIncorrectThese cells have specialized connections called ectoplasmic specializations with spermatocytes.
- 15. Question
In which fluid space are primary spermatocytes formed in the male reproductive system?
CorrectIncorrectThis fluid space is located around the seminiferous tubules.
- 16. Question
What is the name of the specialized connections between secondary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells?
CorrectIncorrectThese connections play a role in the attachment of spermatocytes to Sertoli cells.
- 17. Question
Which hormone, produced by interstitial Leydig cells, stimulates the development of the Wolffian ducts and the male external genitalia?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone is responsible for further development along the male line.
- 18. Question
Which arteries provide arterial blood to the surface of each testis?
CorrectIncorrectThese arteries supply blood to the testis surface from different sources.
- 19. Question
Which part of the testis provides a heat exchange system due to the close proximity of arterial and venous systems?
CorrectIncorrectThis system helps in keeping the temperature of the incoming blood lower and the departing blood higher.
- 20. Question
What does the barrier formed by multiple tight and gap junctions encircling Sertoli cells prevent?
CorrectIncorrectThis barrier develops only at puberty when spermatogenesis begins.
- 21. Question
What is the primary hormone that Sertoli cells synthesize receptors for?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone comes from the anterior pituitary.
- 22. Question
What is the primary function of Leydig cells in the testes?
CorrectIncorrectThese cells are endocrine cells located within the interstitial fluid compartment.
- 23. Question
Which hormone do Sertoli cells secrete in addition to producing many other substances?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone is produced by endocrine cells within the seminiferous tubules.
- 24. Question
Which glands synthesize androgens to a limited extent, and their production is particularly relevant in females?
CorrectIncorrectThese glands are not part of the reproductive system but do produce hormones that affect it.
- 25. Question
What is the name given to the bundle of arteries, veins, and reproductive tract (vas deferens) from each testis passing through the inguinal canal?
CorrectIncorrectThis structure connects the testes to the rest of the reproductive system.
- 26. Question
Which cells in the testes synthesize androgens?
CorrectIncorrectThese cells are found in small groups within the interstitial fluid present between the seminiferous tubules.
- 27. Question
What enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?
CorrectIncorrectThis enzyme is present in many androgen-responsive tissues, including the prostate, skin, and sebaceous glands.
- 28. Question
What protein does testosterone bind to in the bloodstream?
CorrectIncorrectThis plasma protein also binds other sex hormones such as oestrogens and progestogens.
- 29. Question
What binding protein does testosterone bind to in the seminiferous fluid?
CorrectIncorrectThis binding protein is more selective compared to the one found in the bloodstream.
- 30. Question
Where are androgen receptors primarily located within target cells?
CorrectIncorrect - 31. Question
Which hormone acts as a precursor to all other steroids in the synthesis pathway of androgens?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone is synthesized from cholesterol early on in the pathway.
- 32. Question
Which enzyme converts testosterone to the potent 17β-oestradiol?
CorrectIncorrectThis enzyme is found in some tissues and converts testosterone to a hormone that is particularly important in females but also has effects in males.
- 33. Question
What is the main testicular androgen produced from the weak dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone is a potent androgen in its own right and can be converted to an even more powerful androgen by the enzyme 5α-reductase.
- 34. Question
Which anterior pituitary hormone is crucial for the initiation of spermatogenesis?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone binds to its receptors in the Sertoli cells and induces activities necessary for the spermatogenic process.
- 35. Question
Which enzyme is responsible for the aromatisation of testosterone to oestrogens in Sertoli cells?
CorrectIncorrectThis enzyme converts testosterone to oestrogens in Sertoli cells.
- 36. Question
What is the main function of the accessory sex glands in males?
CorrectIncorrectThese glands contribute to the seminal fluid by providing nutrients and fluid volume.
- 37. Question
Which hormone stimulates the synthesis of androgens by the interstitial Leydig cells?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and is involved in stimulating androgen production.
- 38. Question
What is the main source of fructose and sorbitol in human semen?
CorrectIncorrect - 39. Question
What is the primary role of androgens during puberty?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone is responsible for the development of specific characteristics in males during adolescence.
- 40. Question
Which hormone is produced by the Sertoli cells following FSH stimulation?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone is produced by Sertoli cells and is involved in the regulation of the hypothalamo-adenohypophysial axis.
- 41. Question
What happens to spermatozoa once they reach the epididymis?
CorrectIncorrectIn this part of the male reproductive system, spermatozoa undergo a process involving water reabsorption.
- 42. Question
Which accessory sex gland contributes the largest volume of fluid to human semen?
CorrectIncorrectThis gland contributes about 60% of the total volume of human semen.
- 43. Question
What is the role of androgens in protein metabolism?
CorrectIncorrectAndrogens are considered anabolic steroids and play a role in a specific type of metabolism.
- 44. Question
Which hormone stimulates the production of erythropoietin, leading to an increase in erythrocyte proliferation?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone is an androgen that plays a role in the production of a specific hormone that influences erythrocyte proliferation.
- 45. Question
Which cells synthesize inhibin in response to FSH stimulation in males?
CorrectIncorrectThese cells are found in the male reproductive system and are involved in the synthesis of inhibin in response to FSH.
- 46. Question
What is the primary endocrine influence on Leydig cells for the production of androgens?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone is released from the anterior pituitary gland and influences Leydig cells in the testes to produce androgens.
- 47. Question
What is the effect of androgens on sebaceous secretion?
CorrectIncorrectAndrogens have an effect on sebaceous glands and can lead to a common skin problem in adolescents.
- 48. Question
What are the glycoproteins that bind to activin molecules and block their activity?
CorrectIncorrectThese glycoproteins are produced by gonadotrophs and folliculostellate cells and have a blocking effect on activin molecules.
- 49. Question
What is the primary hormone responsible for controlling Sertoli cell function?
CorrectIncorrectThis hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and acts on the Sertoli cells in the testes.
- 50. Question
Which hormone is responsible for the pubertal growth spurt in males?
CorrectIncorrectThis growth spurt is due to the combined action of an androgen and another hormone that influences growth.
- 51. Question
Which factors play a significant role in determining the successful development of penile erection?
CorrectIncorrectThese factors are related to the senses and play a key role in penile erection.
- 52. Question
What is the neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating the synthesis of nitric oxide during penile erection?
CorrectIncorrectThis neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic nerve fibers and is involved in the vasodilation process.
- 53. Question
Which drug is commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for degrading cGMP?
CorrectIncorrectThis drug is also known as Viagra and is a popular treatment for erectile dysfunction.
- 54. Question
What is the commonest cause of primary testicular failure?
CorrectIncorrectThis syndrome is characterized by an extra chromosome (47 XXY) and is associated with small testes, azoospermia, and gynecomastia.
- 55. Question
Which part of the penis does not contribute to the development of an erection but provides blood to the glans and the skin of the penis?
CorrectIncorrectThis artery runs along the length of the penis and is separate from the main structure responsible for an erection.
- 56. Question
What prevents the collapse of the central urethra during penile erection?
CorrectIncorrectThis structure is a venous sinusoidal space that surrounds the urethra and has a spongy appearance.
- 57. Question
What is the primary reason for impotence in males?
CorrectIncorrectImpotence is a result of a failure to achieve a specific penile state.
- 58. Question
During which phase of sleep do nocturnal erections occur?
CorrectIncorrectThis phase of sleep is associated with dreaming and is characterized by rapid eye movements.
- 59. Question
What condition is caused by a defective testosterone receptor and results in a phenotypic normal female with testes?
CorrectIncorrectThis condition is caused by a genetic defect in the X-chromosome and affects the way the body responds to testosterone.
- 60. Question
Which condition is characterized by the swelling or inflammation of the epididymis and may occur as a result of bacterial or chlamydial infection?
CorrectIncorrectThis condition typically affects males between the ages of 19 and 35 and can cause fever, tenderness, and pain in the scrotum.
- 61. Question
What is a hydrocoele and what causes it?
CorrectIncorrectThis condition causes a soft, non-tender and cystic swelling in the scrotum and the testis cannot be palpated due to the fluid collection.
- 62. Question
What is the most common age range for the occurrence of testicular tumors?
CorrectIncorrectThese tumors often originate from germ cells and are more prevalent in younger adult males.
- 63. Question
What is a varicocoele and why is it more common on the left side?
CorrectIncorrectThis condition can cause a 'bag of worms' feeling and is related to the pressure in the renal veins.
- 64. Question
Which condition requires emergency surgery to protect the vascular supply to the testicle?
CorrectIncorrectThis condition often presents with acute pain and can lead to testicular infarction if not treated promptly.
- 65. Question
What is the classic testicular histopathology observed in adult men with Klinefelter's syndrome?
CorrectIncorrectThis histopathological finding is specific to a chromosomal disorder affecting males.
- 66. Question
In which condition does the patient experience primary amenorrhea and has a short blind-ending vagina without a uterus?
CorrectIncorrect - 67. Question
What are the two main functions of the female ovaries?
CorrectIncorrectThese two functions are essential for the procreation of the species.
- 68. Question
What is the difference between oestrous cycles and menstrual cycles?
CorrectIncorrectOne type of cycle is found in rodents, while the other is found in primates.
- 69. Question
What is the name of the axis that links ovarian and endometrial events through endocrine regulation?
CorrectIncorrectThis axis involves the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary, and the ovaries.
- 70. Question
How many primary oocytes are formed in the female fetus during the initial mitotic divisions of germ cells?
CorrectIncorrect - 71. Question
Which of the following effects is associated with oestrogens in the cardiovascular system?
CorrectIncorrectOestrogens have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system by influencing lipoprotein cholesterol.
- 72. Question
How do oestrogens affect protein synthesis?
CorrectIncorrectOestrogens have an effect on protein synthesis, especially during puberty.
- 73. Question
What is the main effect of oestrogens on the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle?
CorrectIncorrectOestrogens have an effect on the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle.
- 74. Question
How do oestrogens affect cervical secretion during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
CorrectIncorrectOestrogens have an effect on cervical secretion during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle.
- 75. Question
Which of the following is a consequence of excessively raised circulating androgens or oestrogens during puberty?
CorrectIncorrectExcessive gonadal steroids during puberty affect skeletal maturity and final height.
- 76. Question
How do oestrogens affect renal sodium reabsorption?
CorrectIncorrectOestrogens have an effect on renal sodium reabsorption.
- 77. Question
Which of the following effects do oestrogens have on the gastrointestinal system?
CorrectIncorrectOestrogens affect calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal system.
- 78. Question
Which of the following is a central effect of oestrogens on behavior?
CorrectIncorrectOestrogens have central effects on behavior.
- 79. Question
Which hormone plays a key role in stimulating ductile growth in breast tissue development?
CorrectIncorrectBreast tissue development is influenced by hormones, with one playing a key role in ductile growth.
- 80. Question
What is the primary role of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in relation to oestrogens?
CorrectIncorrectHDL has a specific role in cholesterol redistribution under the influence of oestrogens.
- 81. Question
Which of the following is a consequence of decreased levels of circulating oestrogen after menopause?
CorrectIncorrectMenopause and decreased oestrogen levels have an impact on coronary artery disease risk.
- 82. Question
How do oestrogens affect bone mineralisation?
CorrectIncorrectOestrogens have an effect on bone mineralisation through their actions on osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
- 83. Question
In which phase of the ovarian cycle is progesterone mainly synthesized?
CorrectIncorrectProgesterone synthesis is linked to a specific phase of the ovarian cycle.
- 84. Question
What is the main role of progesterone in the endometrium?
CorrectIncorrectProgesterone has a specific function in the endometrium during the secretory phase.
- 85. Question
Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring progestogen?
CorrectIncorrectOne of the options is an estrogen, not a progestogen.
- 86. Question
Which protein transports most of the progesterone in the blood?
CorrectIncorrectThe majority of progesterone is bound to a specific plasma protein.
- 87. Question
What effect does progesterone have on cervical secretions after ovulation?
CorrectIncorrectProgesterone has an effect on cervical secretions after ovulation.
- 88. Question
How does progesterone affect sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron?
CorrectIncorrectProgesterone has an effect on aldosterone-mediated sodium reabsorption.
- 89. Question
Which of the following hormones does inhibin primarily inhibit?
CorrectIncorrectInhibin has a specific effect on one of the hormones involved in the ovarian cycle.
- 90. Question
In which cells are inhibins synthesized in the ovaries?
CorrectIncorrectInhibin synthesis occurs in a specific type of ovarian cells.
- 91. Question
What is the main source of progesterone during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?
CorrectIncorrectProgesterone has a primary source during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
- 92. Question
How does progesterone affect basal body temperature after ovulation?
CorrectIncorrectProgesterone has an effect on basal body temperature after ovulation.
- 93. Question
What is the main role of progesterone in the endometrial cycle?
CorrectIncorrectProgesterone has a primary function during the endometrial cycle.
- 94. Question
Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring progestogen?
CorrectIncorrectOne of the options is an estrogen, not a progestogen.
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