Hypoparathyroidism is a condition in which the parathyroid glands are underactive and do not produce enough parathyroid hormone. This can lead to a number of problems, including low levels of calcium in the blood and bones, muscle spasms, and convulsions.
Hypoparathyroidism can be caused by a number of conditions, including surgery to remove the parathyroid glands, certain medications, or radiation therapy. It can also be caused by genetic disorders.
Treatment for hypoparathyroidism usually involves taking calcium supplements and vitamin D. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the glands that are not working properly. A simple memory device for remembering the causes of hypoparathyroidism is: “No PTH, Low Ca++.”
Mnemonic for the causes of hypocalcemia:
- Idiopathic
- Inherited : Polyglandular endocrinopathy type 1 (AIRE gene mutation), DiGeorge syndrome (TBX1 gene mutation), Activating CaSR mutations.
- III. Infection : SARS-CoV-2 induced hypoparathyroidism
- Infiltration: Hemochromatosis and Wilson’s disease
- Iatrogenic (most common): Post-surgical state
- Ischemia: Post-neck irradiation
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