Bone Age Assessment
Bone age assessment is an essential diagnostic tool used by physicians to evaluate skeletal development and diagnose growth-related conditions. It involves estimating an individual’s bones’ maturity based on…
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Pathophysiology of Polycystic ovary syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was eponymously named Stein-Leventhal syndrome based on a case series of seven women with clinical hyperandrogenism (hirsutism), oligomenorrhea, and enlarged ovaries, reported in 1935(1).…
Radioactive Iodine Uptake and Scan
Radioactive iodine uptake and scan for the thyroid is a test that measures the amount of radioactive iodine absorbed by the thyroid gland. It is used in the…
Medications for Diabetes
There are various medications for the treatment of diabetes. Most people with diabetes will need medication, such as pills, non-insulin injectables and/or insulin. Diet and exercise are great…
Learn How to Create Medical illustrations
Medical illustrations are a valuable tool for health professionals, patients, and the general public alike. By creating a visual representation of a health condition, you can help simplify…
Plummer’s nails
Onycholysis occurring in the setting of hyperthyroidism is classically referred to as Plummer’s nails. This condition typically runs a chronic clinical course and may resolve or improve after…
Sugar Substitutes and Diabetes
Sugar substitutes are used to replace sugar in foods and drinks. There are many different types of sugar substitutes, some of which can be used to sweeten food…
How to Store Insulin
All unopened insulin should be kept in the refrigerator at 36°- 46°F (2.2°-7.7°C). Once insulin is in use, it should be kept at room temperature (less than 86°F/30°C). If…
Hypoparathyroidism Treatment
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition in which the parathyroid glands are underactive and do not produce enough parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood and…
Endocrine Brief Reviews
A brief review of important topics in general endocrinology. Typically less than 1,000 words in length. Topics by Glands All endocrine reviews adrenal endocrine reviews diabetes endocrine…