Free Endocrinology Notes, MCQs & Infographics
It is worth noting that unintended pregnancies account for nearly 40% of all pregnancies worldwide. Pregnancies often lead to adverse outcomes such as maternal mortality, societal burdens, and…
Understanding Hirsutism Hirsutism, a condition characterized by excessive terminal hair appearing in a male pattern on women, predominantly occurs in androgen-dependent areas. The majority of hirsutism cases, approximately…
A closer look at the female reproductive system Nestled on either side of the uterus, close to the open ends of the oviducts or fallopian tubes, the two…
Gonadal Structures and Reproductive Mechanisms The gonads, consisting of the ovaries in women and the testes in males, are critical for two primary functions: gametogenesis, the production of…
Misuse of steroids can interfere with the regular synthesis of hormones within the body, resulting in alterations that can be either reversible or permanent. It is worth noting…
Recent advances in knowledge on androgen receptor activation has enhanced our understanding of the mechanism of action of androgen action. Knowing the importance of tissue conversion of circulating…
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was eponymously named Stein-Leventhal syndrome based on a case series of seven women with clinical hyperandrogenism (hirsutism), oligomenorrhea, and enlarged ovaries, reported in 1935(1).…
Testosterone is an important hormone for transgender men, as it helps to masculinize the body and produce the desired physical changes. For many transgender men, testosterone replacement therapy…
A Prader orchidometer (sometimes referred to as the endocrine rosary) is a medical instrument used to measure the size of an individual’s testicles. It is named after Swiss…
The two-cell two gonadotropin theory is central to our understanding of ovarian steroidogenesis. The origin, simplified model, and intracellular signaling mechanisms involved in this pathway will be described.…
