Free Endocrinology Notes, MCQs & Infographics
Cushing’s syndrome arises from prolonged exposure to excessive levels of circulating glucocorticoids. Among the endogenous causes, Cushing’s disease, also known as pituitary-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, stands as the most…
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that play diverse physiological roles in the body. They include glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Glucocorticoids are…
In this article, the embryology, histology and gross anatomy of the adrenal glands will be reviewed. Historical timeline of discoveries in adrenal gland anatomy 1563 Bartholomaeus Eustachius Sanctoseverinatus…
A concise review of adrenal gland physiology and classic adrenal gland diseases (adrenal insufficiency, Cushing’s syndrome, Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma, Adrenal Incidentaloma, and Primary Hyperaldosteronism). A summary of practical clinical pearls…
The Hounsfield unit (HU) measures the attenuation of X-rays by tissue. It is defined as the ratio of the intensity of the X-rays beams after passing through the…
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to a group of inherited enzymatic defects in cortisol biosynthesis. Impairment in cortisol production lifts the classic negative effect of cortisol on the…
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a complex endocrine system that controls blood pressure, fluid balance, and sodium retention. Furthermore, the RAAS has various effects on multiple organs via…
