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Physician-authored notes, cases, and infographics across endocrinology.

Endocrine disease - pituitary gland

Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a chronic disorder that results when the pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (GH). This excess GH leads to abnormal growth of the hands and feet,…

Endocrine reviews medicine

Hormone vs Enzyme

Enzymes and hormones are both substances that play an essential role in the body. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body, while hormones are chemical…

Endocrinology Short Notes

Falsely Elevated TSH

Can TSH be falsely elevated? Thyroid function tests (immunoassays) are subject to errors. As such, when there is a disagreement between clinical and biochemical assessment of a patient’s thyroid…

Histology

Histology of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disorder that results in inflammation and damage to the thyroid gland. It is the most common cause…

Histology

Histology of Graves Disease

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune condition that affects the thyroid gland, leading to hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by an overproduction of thyroid hormones. It is the most common…

Histology

Follicular Carcinoma Histology

Follicular carcinoma is the second most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for approximately 10-15% of all cases. It arises from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland…