Insulin Physiology and Clinical Applications
The Intricacies of Insulin Synthesis, Storage, and Release Insulin, the blood sugar regulator, is a 51 amino acid polypeptide born in the β-cells of the pancreas. The insulin…
Category: Endocrine reviews diabetes
Glucose Transporters
Glucose transporters are required from shuttling glucose from the extracellular to intracellular compartment. Insulin by binding to the tyrosine kinase insulin receptor present on target cells promotes the…
Anatomy of the Pancreas
In this article, we will review the embryology, gross anatomy and histology of the pancreas. Historical timeline of discoveries in diabetes care Around 1500 B. C., Papyrus Ebers,…
GKI regimen
The GKI or GIK regimen is a simple and effective combined insulin delivery method that has gained wide acceptance in the perioperative management of diabetic patients who would…
Dermatologic manifestations of diabetes mellitus
The prevalence of cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus (both Type 1 and Type 2) ranges between 30 to 70%. The clinical features and underlying mechanism of these dermatologic…
Hypoglycemia after Gastric Bypass
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is a complication of gastric bypass surgery and may occur anywhere from 6 months to 8 years after surgery. The definition, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology mechanisms, and…
Best Insulin Pump : A Comprehensive Guide
Insulin pumps are becoming increasingly popular as a way to manage diabetes, and for a good reason. Insulin pumps can provide better blood sugar control than multiple daily…
Hypoglycemia Workup
A review of the standard inpatient hypoglycemia workup (also known as a 72hour fast protocol). Is the diagnostic algorithm for fasting hypoglycemia applicable to postprandial or reactive hypoglycemia?…
Management of Diabetes in CKD
Choosing suitable therapies for patients with chronic kidney disease : Patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) require a modification of medical therapy. CKD increases the risk…
Islet Cells of The Pancreas
The islets cells of the pancreas (also known as islets of Langerhans) are somewhat ovoid groupings of pancreatic endocrine cells embedded within a rich background of acinar exocrine…