Endocrine reviews medicine
Tinels Sign
Tinel’s sign is a clinical test used to identify entrapment of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel, which is a common cause of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).…
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Physician-authored notes, cases, and infographics across endocrinology.
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Mediterranean Diet Pyramid
The classic Mediterranean diet refers to food products traditionally consumed by people living along the coast of the Mediterranean sea. This region is bordered by various countries including…
Endocrine reviews lipids
Congenital Leptin Deficiency Mechanism
Most patients with congenital leptin deficiency tend to be conceived in primarily consanguineous relationships(1). The underlying cause is a genetic mutation in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene, which…
Endocrine reviews adrenal
Hereditary Paraganglioma Pheochromocytoma Syndromes
Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma (PPGLs) syndromes refers to paragangliomas (tumors derived from neuroendocrine tissues found along the paravertebral axis extending from the skull base to the pelvis) and by pheochromocytomas…
diabetes patients
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine condition in which patients have elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. The classic symptoms of untreated…
Endocrine reviews adrenal
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency sick day rules
Detailed instructions for sick day and emergency management of adrenal insufficiency. Refer to the table below. Summary of Adrenal Insufficiency Sick Day Rules Situation Instructions Maintenance (Usual) Doses…
Endocrine disease - adrenal gland
Adrenal Disorders
A concise review of adrenal gland physiology and classic adrenal gland diseases (adrenal insufficiency, Cushing’s syndrome, Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma, Adrenal Incidentaloma, and Primary Hyperaldosteronism). A summary of practical clinical pearls…
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Management Of Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become weak and brittle, making them more susceptible to fractures. While osteoporosis can affect people of any age, it is…
Endocrine disease - thyroid gland
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to any cause is called a goiter. A normal thyroid is not palpable. To be clinically discernible, a goiter has to weigh…
Endocrine disease - parathyroid, calcium and bone metabolism
What is Hypophosphatasia
Hypophosphatasia is an inherited disorder of bone and mineral metabolism that occurs as a result of an inactivating mutation of a gene that encodes the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase…