Endocrine disease - reproductive health
Orchidometer
A Prader orchidometer (sometimes referred to as the endocrine rosary) is a medical instrument used to measure the size of an individual’s testicles. It is named after Swiss…
Blog
Physician-authored notes, cases, and infographics across endocrinology.
endocrine reviews thyroid
Graves disease and pregnancy
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune thyroid disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones. This can lead to several symptoms, including anxiety, weight loss, and fatigue. Graves’…
Blog
What Is Diabetes Mellitus? A Comprehensive Guide for Patients
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the body fails to produce enough insulin or use it effectively, resulting in…
Endocrine disease - parathyroid, calcium and bone metabolism
Positive Chvostek Sign
Chvostek sign is a medical condition that results in the twitching of ipsilateral facial muscles. It is caused by a deficiency of calcium in the blood and can…
Blog
Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Comprehensive Guide for Patients
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which one or more of the parathyroid glands become overactive and produce too much of the hormone parathormone. This can lead to…
Endocrinology Calculators
Fructosamine to A1c Conversion Calculator
In patients with diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma glucose (random or fasting) are typically utilized in monitoring patient response to treatment. Although these conventional monitoring tools…
Blog
Tirzepatide – A twincretin
Tirzepatide (brand name Mounjaro) is a GIP/GLP-1 agonist produced by Eli Lilly and company that was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It…
Endocrine disease - pituitary gland
Prolactinoma
Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary tumor, accounting for approximately 40% of all cases. They are generally benign and occur more frequently in women than in…
MOA-Acromegaly
Cabergoline for Acromegaly
The mechanism of action of cabergoline and its clinical application in the management of acromegaly will be reviewed. Physiology Growth hormone physiology and the role of central dopaminergic pathways…
MOA-Acromegaly
Pegvisomant for acromegaly
The mechanism of action of pegvisomant and its clinical application in the management of acromegaly will be reviewed. Physiology Growth hormone and IGF-1 pathway : The growth hormone receptor…