Free Endocrinology Notes, MCQs & Infographics
This section is for topics in endocrine physiology
Introduction In 1849, Claude Bernard introduced the concept of homeostasis, positing that the internal cellular environment (milieu interieur) is under constant regulation. His work in 1855, demonstrating the…
The Thyroid Gland: Structure And Histology Embryologically, the thyroid gland originates from an epithelial invagination at the base of the fetal tongue. It comprises two sizable lobes, typically…
The Intricacies of Insulin Synthesis, Storage, and Release Insulin, the blood sugar regulator, is a 51 amino acid polypeptide born in the β-cells of the pancreas. The insulin…
Carbohydrates, one of the three major macronutrient groups essential to all life forms, encompass a broad range of sugars, starches, and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables, and…
Glycogenesis is a metabolic process central to energy homeostasis in organisms, primarily responsible for the synthesis and storage of glycogen. Glycogen, a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose, serves as…
Glycolysis is a fundamental pathway in cellular metabolism, converting glucose into pyruvate in a series of enzymatically catalyzed reactions. Occurring in the cytosol of nearly all cells, glycolysis…
The Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or the Krebs cycle, is a central component of cellular metabolism. This metabolic pathway, occurring within…
The electron transport chain (ETC) represents the final stage of cellular respiration, a process that converts nutrients into usable energy for the cell. This biochemical sequence occurs within…
What is Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis is a critical metabolic pathway that allows the body to produce glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. This process occurs primarily in the liver and, to…
Insulin plays an important role in various metabolic processes throughout our body. It is particularly crucial for controlling blood glucose levels, ensuring it is either stored for future…
